Gasser T, Kneip A, Binding A, Prader A, Molinari L
Zentralinstitut für Seelische, Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany.
Ann Hum Biol. 1991 May-Jun;18(3):187-205. doi: 10.1080/03014469100001522.
Growth of body, leg, trunk and arm length from birth to adulthood is studied in the subjects of the First Zürich Longitudinal Growth Study, using a recently developed technique, the 'structural average curve'. In this way truly longitudinal average curves are obtained for velocity, acceleration and distances, and various phases of growth are analysed not only graphically, but also by descriptive parameters in terms of timing, intensity and duration. These phases consist of the pubertal spurt (PS), the mid-growth spurt (MS) and growth in infancy. The overall pattern is the same in all variables studied: velocity drops sharply after birth, followed by a kink between 7 and 12 months, and a more gradual decrease until the MS, which peaks around 7 years. In girls the PS immediately follows the MS, while in boys a 'latency period' of approximately constant growth velocity precedes the PS, which occurs almost 2 years later, and is more intense than in girls. There are no appreciable sex differences in the MS, but the PS is later and more intense for boys, even when accounting for the smaller adult size of girls. When comparing linear variables the PS turns out to be earlier for the legs than for the trunk, whereas the trunk has an earlier MS. The trunk starts high in relative distance and in velocity after birth, whereas the legs have a high velocity throughout childhood. In adolescence the trunk again shows more intense growth. Surprisingly, the growth of the arms in many ways resembles more that of the trunk and not that of the legs.
利用最近开发的“结构平均曲线”技术，对苏黎世第一纵向生长研究的对象从出生到成年的身体、腿部、躯干和手臂长度的生长情况进行了研究。通过这种方式，获得了速度、加速度和距离的真实纵向平均曲线，不仅以图形方式分析了生长的各个阶段，还通过时间、强度和持续时间等描述参数进行了分析。这些阶段包括青春期突增（PS）、生长中期突增（MS）和婴儿期生长。所有研究变量的总体模式是相同的：出生后速度急剧下降，随后在7至12个月之间出现一个拐点，然后逐渐下降直至生长中期突增，该突增在7岁左右达到峰值。在女孩中，青春期突增紧接着生长中期突增，而在男孩中，在青春期突增之前有一个生长速度大致恒定的“潜伏期”，青春期突增几乎在两年后出现，且比女孩更强烈。生长中期突增没有明显的性别差异，但即使考虑到女孩成年后的体型较小，男孩的青春期突增也更晚且更强烈。在比较线性变量时，腿部的青春期突增比躯干更早出现，而躯干的生长中期突增更早。躯干出生后在相对距离和速度方面起点较高，而腿部在整个童年期速度都很高。在青春期，躯干再次显示出更强烈的生长。令人惊讶的是，手臂的生长在很多方面更类似于躯干的生长，而不是腿部的生长。
