Maat Arija, Fouwels Annemarie, de Haan Lieuwe
Department of Psychiatry, Academical Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychopharmacol Bull. 2008;41(3):5-10.
To assess the relative contribution of different drugs of abuse to extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) of antipsychotic drugs.
106 consecutively contacted or admitted male patients in the Psychiatric Center of Surinam (PCS) with schizophrenia or a related disorder were included. Prevalence and severity of EPS were measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Abnormal Involuntary Movement rating Scale (AIMS), the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) and the Dystonia rating scale. Recent use of cigarettes, cannabis, alcohol, and cocaine were assessed. Standard multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the relative contribution of above-mentioned drugs of abuse controlled for milligrams haloperidol equivalent a day and use of anticholinergic medication.
Recent cocaine use was significantly associated with severity of dyskinesia (p = 0.001), parkinsonism (p = 0.007), and akathisia (p < 0.001) (n = 106).
Recent cocaine use is a major risk factor for antipsychotic induced EPS.
评估不同滥用药物对抗精神病药物锥体外系副作用（EPS）的相对影响。
纳入了苏里南精神病中心（PCS）106例连续接触或收治的患有精神分裂症或相关疾病的男性患者。采用统一帕金森病评定量表（UPDRS）、异常不自主运动评定量表（AIMS）、巴恩斯静坐不能评定量表（BARS）和肌张力障碍评定量表来测量EPS的患病率和严重程度。评估近期是否使用香烟、大麻、酒精和可卡因。采用标准多元回归分析来评估上述滥用药物在控制每日氟哌啶醇等效毫克数和抗胆碱能药物使用情况下的相对影响。
近期使用可卡因与运动障碍严重程度（p = 0.001）、帕金森症（p = 0.007）和静坐不能（p < 0.001）显著相关（n = 106）。
近期使用可卡因是抗精神病药物所致EPS的主要危险因素。
