即刻功能性负载与即刻非功能性负载与传统愈合期的比较分析：550 例牙种植体 5 年随访结果
Comparative analysis of immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading to traditional healing periods: a 5-year follow-up of 550 dental implants.
机构信息
Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
出版信息
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2009 Dec;11(4):257-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00117.x. Epub 2008 Sep 9.
BACKGROUND
Clinical, radiographical, and histological findings have shown that immediately loaded implants show the presence of mineralized tissues at the interface.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare an immediate loading protocol with a two-staged one using an implant with a square thread design.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred fifty-five consecutive patients (71 men, 84 women), aged between 18 and 78 years (mean: 54 years) participated in this study. A total of 550 implants (Maestro; BioHorizons, Birmingham, AL, USA) were inserted. In group A, 264 implants were inserted in 82 patients with immediate functional loading with occlusal contact if the patients were completely edentulous, or with immediate nonfunctional loading without occlusal contact if the patients were partially edentulous. In group B, 286 implants were inserted in 73 patients with a one-stage or two-stage surgical procedure. All patients were followed for at least 5 years.
RESULTS
In the immediately loaded implants group, three implants failed, all in posterior mandibular sites, with an overall 98.8% 5-year survival rate. In the control group, no implant failed, with a 100% 5-year survival rate. No statistically significant differences were found in the survival rates of the implants in the two groups.
DISCUSSION
A very high implant survival rate was also present in our series for the immediately loaded implants. All the three failed implants were retrieved from the same patient, who had poor oral hygiene, after a loading period of 5 years. These data can suggest that, from a clinical point of view, an abbreviated healing period is compatible with the development and maintenance over a longer time period (5 years) of mineralized tissues at the interface with dental implants.
CONCLUSION
We can then conclude that shorter healing periods can be highly satisfactory from a clinical point of view.
背景
临床、影像学和组织学研究结果表明，即刻负载种植体在界面处可见矿化组织。
目的
本研究旨在比较使用方形螺纹设计种植体的即刻负载方案和两期方案。
材料与方法
本研究共纳入 155 例连续患者（71 例男性，84 例女性；年龄 18-78 岁，平均 54 岁），共植入 550 枚 Maestro 种植体（美国阿拉巴马州伯明翰市 BioHorizons 公司）。在 A 组中，82 例患者（264 枚种植体）行即刻功能性负载，当患者完全无牙时，种植体与牙合接触；当患者部分无牙时，种植体即刻非功能性负载，但不与牙合接触。在 B 组中，73 例患者（286 枚种植体）行一期或两期手术。所有患者均至少随访 5 年。
结果
即刻负载组中，3 枚种植体失败，均位于下颌后牙区，种植体 5 年总体存活率为 98.8%。对照组中，无种植体失败，种植体 5 年存活率为 100%。两组种植体存活率无统计学差异。
讨论
我们的研究中，即刻负载种植体的存活率也非常高。在 5 年的负载期后，所有 3 枚失败的种植体均从一位口腔卫生状况较差的患者体内取出。这些数据表明，从临床角度来看，缩短愈合期与种植体界面矿化组织的形成和维持时间（5 年）较长是兼容的。
结论
从临床角度来看，较短的愈合期可以令人非常满意。
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