Pesce E P, Zhao J, Manbeck H B, Murphy D J
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 , USA.
J Agric Saf Health. 2008 Jul;14(3):283-308. doi: 10.13031/2013.24564.
Fatalities associated with entry into on-farm confined-space manure storage facilities occur each year. The fatalities are due to asphyxiation or poisoning by exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, methane, and carbon dioxide. Forced ventilation has been shown to be an effective way to reduce concentrations of noxious gases to levels that are safe for human entry into these storage facilities. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was used as an indicator gas to investigate the effectiveness of forced-air ventilation strategies for eliminating the toxic and oxygen-deficient atmosphere in confined-space manure storage facilities. This article focuses on experimental methods for identifying ventilation strategies that effectively reduce toxic gas (i.e., H2S) concentrations in a fan-ventilated confined-space manure tank to the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (H2S PEL = 10 ppm) and to 25% of the initial gas concentration. Typical H2S concentration reduction curves during forced-air ventilation were identified in the tank as well. Based on the experimental tests conducted in this research, the most promising candidate ventilation strategies were identified for this rectangular confined-space manure tank with solid, fully slotted, and partially slotted covers. In addition, based on the results of experimental tests, a field-based database was developed for future validation of computational fluid dynamics modeling protocols.
每年都有与进入农场密闭空间粪便储存设施相关的死亡事故发生。这些死亡是由于暴露于高浓度的硫化氢、甲烷和二氧化碳而导致的窒息或中毒。强制通风已被证明是一种有效的方法，可将有害气体浓度降低到安全水平，以便人员能够进入这些储存设施。硫化氢（H₂S）被用作指示气体，以研究强制通风策略在消除密闭空间粪便储存设施中有毒和缺氧气氛方面的有效性。本文重点介绍了一些实验方法，用于确定能将风扇通风的密闭空间粪便储存罐中的有毒气体（即H₂S）浓度有效降低到职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）允许暴露极限（PEL）（H₂S PEL = 10 ppm）以及初始气体浓度的25%的通风策略。还在储存罐中确定了强制通风期间典型的H₂S浓度降低曲线。基于本研究中进行的实验测试，为这个带有实心、全开槽和部分开槽盖子的矩形密闭空间粪便储存罐确定了最有前景的候选通风策略。此外，根据实验测试结果，建立了一个基于现场的数据库，用于未来计算流体动力学建模协议的验证。
