Villegas-Castrejón H, Reyes Fuentes A, Piñón López M J, Arredondo García J L
Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1991 May;59:169-75.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate, ultrastructurally the placental site, placenta, umbilical cord, embryonal tissues, and semen from 10 patients (5 females and 5 males), seropositive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The tissue samples were processed by the routine techniques for electronic microscopy, and were examined with a Zeiss EM-10C Electronic, transmission microscope. Among the decidual cells of the placental site, macrophages were found, which contained vacuoles with particles similar to a virus, inside. Similar to virus, particles were found among microvilli of syncytiotrophoblast; it presented with a thick basal membrane and with calcifications. Hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells was seen, although there were not viral particles inside. In the membrane of fetal erythrocytes there particles, electron dense, possibly from viral origin. Viral particles were identified in the nuclei of endothelial cells of the brain and lung. In the semen budding areas were seen in immature spermatozoon; and similar particles were seen y spermatozoa, probable desquamation cells, and in seminal protein, in free form. It is concluded that the HIV may be transmitted via transplacental in very early stages of gestation. The hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells can be a response of local defense. And finally, the presence of viral particles in the different components of semen favor its transmission by sexual contact.
本文的目的是对10名人类免疫缺陷病毒血清阳性患者（5名女性和5名男性）的胎盘部位、胎盘、脐带、胚胎组织和精液进行超微结构评估。组织样本采用电子显微镜常规技术处理，并用蔡司EM - 10C电子透射显微镜进行检查。在胎盘部位的蜕膜细胞中发现了巨噬细胞，其内部含有带有类似病毒颗粒的空泡。在合体滋养层的微绒毛之间发现了类似病毒的颗粒；其具有厚的基底膜并伴有钙化。可见霍夫鲍尔细胞增生，尽管其内部没有病毒颗粒。在胎儿红细胞膜上有电子致密颗粒，可能源于病毒。在脑和肺的内皮细胞核中鉴定出病毒颗粒。在精液中，未成熟精子中有出芽区域；在精子、可能的脱落细胞和游离形式的精液蛋白中也可见类似颗粒。结论是，HIV可能在妊娠的极早期通过胎盘传播。霍夫鲍尔细胞的增生可能是局部防御的一种反应。最后，精液不同成分中病毒颗粒的存在有利于其通过性接触传播。
