Egan Luis Alberto Villanueva, Gutiérrez Ada Karina Contreras, Cuevas Mauricio Pichardo, Lucio Jaqueline Rosales
Hospital de la Mujer, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico, DF.
Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2008 Sep;76(9):542-8.
Preterm birth is the most important cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related short- and long-term neurological morbidity. This health problem has a meaningful social and economic cost for families and governments. Its frequency varies from 5 to 12% in world-developed regions and can be as high as 40% in poorest regions. Preterm birth is associated with many causes, and previous preterm birth is the most significant risk factor, with bacterial vaginosis, which is associated with chorioamnionitis. Although there are many maternal characteristics associated with this suffering, its etiology in most cases is not clear, and the role of infection, usually intrauterine infection, is important. Access to early and suitable prenatal care is a relevant issue for many women who have the highest risks of preterm birth: young, poor and unsupported mothers.
早产是新生儿死亡以及与出生相关的短期和长期神经疾病的最重要原因。这一健康问题给家庭和政府带来了巨大的社会和经济成本。其发生率在世界发达地区为5%至12%，在最贫困地区可能高达40%。早产与多种原因相关，既往早产是最重要的危险因素，细菌性阴道病与绒毛膜羊膜炎有关。尽管有许多与这种情况相关的母体特征，但其在大多数情况下的病因尚不清楚，感染（通常是宫内感染）的作用很重要。对于许多早产风险最高的女性，即年轻、贫困且缺乏支持的母亲来说，获得早期且合适的产前护理是一个重要问题。
