Schmidt Carsten K, Brauch Heinz-Jürgen
Chemical Analysis Department, DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Sep 1;42(17):6340-6. doi: 10.1021/es7030467.
Application and microbial degradation of the fungicide tolylfluanide gives rise to a new decomposition product named N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS). In Germany, DMS was found in groundwaters and surface waters with typical concentrations in the range of 100-1000 ng/L and 50-90 ng/L, respectively. Laboratory-scale and field investigations concerning its fate during drinking water treatment showed that DMS cannot be removed via riverbank filtration, activated carbon filtration, flocculation, and oxidation or disinfection procedures based on hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, chlorine dioxide, or UV irradiation. Even nanofiltration does not provide a sufficient removal efficiency. During ozonation about 30-50% of DMS are converted to the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The NDMA being formed is biodegradable and can at least partially be removed by subsequent biologically active drinking water treatment steps including sand or activated carbon filtration. Disinfection with hypochlorous acid converts DMS to so far unknown degradation products but not to NDMA or 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH).
杀菌剂甲苯氟磺胺的应用及微生物降解会产生一种名为N,N-二甲基硫酰胺（DMS）的新分解产物。在德国，分别在地下水和地表水中检测到DMS，其典型浓度范围分别为100 - 1000 ng/L和50 - 90 ng/L。关于其在饮用水处理过程中归宿的实验室规模和现场调查表明，DMS不能通过河岸过滤、活性炭过滤、絮凝以及基于过氧化氢、高锰酸钾、二氧化氯或紫外线照射的氧化或消毒程序去除。即使是纳滤也不能提供足够的去除效率。在臭氧化过程中，约30 - 50%的DMS会转化为致癌物质N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）。所形成的NDMA是可生物降解的，并且至少可以通过包括砂滤或活性炭过滤在内的后续生物活性饮用水处理步骤部分去除。用次氯酸消毒会将DMS转化为迄今未知的降解产物，但不会转化为NDMA或1,1-二甲基肼（UDMH）。
