Bulkeley Kelly, Kahan Tracey L
The Graduate Theological Union, 2400 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2008 Dec;17(4):1248-56. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.07.001. Epub 2008 Sep 17.
This study focuses on a set of dreams related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and their aftermath, using content analysis and cognitive psychology to explore the interweaving of external public catastrophe and internal psychological processes. The study tests several recent claims in contemporary dream research, including the central image theory of Hartmann [Hartmann, E., & Basile, R. (2003). Dream imagery becomes more intense after 9/11/01. Dreaming, 13(2), 61-66; Hartmann, E., & Brezler, T. (2008). A systematic change in dreams after 9/11/01. Sleep, 31(2), 213-218], the media exposure factor postulated by Propper [Propper, R. E., Stickgold, R., Keeley, R., & Christman, S. D. (2007). Is television traumatic? Dreams, stress, and media exposure in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 18(4), 334-340], the continuity hypothesis of Domhoff [Domhoff, W. G. (1996). Finding meaning in dreams: A quantitative approach. New York: Plenum], the cognitive and metacognitive approach of Kahan [Kahan, T. L. (2001). Consciousness in dreaming: A metacognitive approach. In K. Bulkeley (Ed.), Dreams: A reader on the religious, cultural, and psychological dimensions of dreaming (pp. 333-360). New York: Palgrave], and the threat simulation theory of Revonsuo [Revonsuo, A. (2000). The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(6), 877-901]. Our findings suggest the terrorist attacks had a tangible impact on the content of many people's dreams, but did not fundamentally alter the cognitive processing features of their dreaming. The 9/11 attacks affected what they dreamed about, but not the way they dreamed.
本研究聚焦于一组与2001年9月11日恐怖袭击及其后果相关的梦境,运用内容分析法和认知心理学来探究外部公共灾难与内部心理过程的交织。该研究检验了当代梦境研究中最近的几项论断,包括哈特曼的核心意象理论[哈特曼,E.,& 巴西莱,R.(2003年)。2001年9月11日后梦境意象变得更加生动。《梦境》,13(2),61 - 66;哈特曼,E.,& 布雷兹勒,T.(2008年)。2001年9月11日后梦境的系统性变化。《睡眠》,31(2),213 - 218]、普罗珀提出的媒体曝光因素[普罗珀,R. E.,斯蒂克戈尔德,R.,基利,R.,& 克里斯曼,S. D.(2007年)。电视会造成创伤吗?2001年9月11日后的梦境、压力与媒体曝光。《心理科学》,18(4),334 - 340]、多姆霍夫的连续性假设[多姆霍夫,W. G.(1996年)。在梦境中寻找意义:一种定量方法。纽约:普伦蒂斯出版社]、卡汉的认知和元认知方法[卡汉,T. L.(2001年)。梦境中的意识:一种元认知方法。载于K. 布尔克利(编),《梦境:关于梦境的宗教、文化和心理维度的读本》(第333 - 360页)。纽约:帕尔格雷夫出版社]以及雷冯索的威胁模拟理论[雷冯索,A.(2000年)。对梦境的重新诠释:关于梦境功能的进化假说。《行为与脑科学》,23(6),877 - 901]。我们的研究结果表明,恐怖袭击对许多人的梦境内容产生了切实影响,但并未从根本上改变他们做梦的认知加工特征。9·11袭击影响了他们所梦到的内容,但没有影响他们做梦的方式。