Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, United States.
Conscious Cogn. 2011 Sep;20(3):494-514. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
Dreaming is often characterized as lacking high-order cognitive (HOC) skills. In two studies, we test the alternative hypothesis that the dreaming mind is highly similar to the waking mind. Multiple experience samples were obtained from late-night REM sleep and waking, following a systematic protocol described in Kahan (2001). Results indicated that reported dreaming and waking experiences are surprisingly similar in their cognitive and sensory qualities. Concurrently, ratings of dreaming and waking experiences were markedly different on questions of general reality orientation and logical organization (e.g., the bizarreness or typicality of the events, actions, and locations). Consistent with other recent studies (e.g., Bulkeley & Kahan, 2008; Kozmová & Wolman, 2006), experiences sampled from dreaming and waking were more similar with respect to their process features than with respect to their structural features.
梦境通常被认为缺乏高级认知（HOC）技能。在两项研究中，我们检验了替代假设，即做梦的大脑与清醒的大脑非常相似。按照 Kahan（2001）描述的系统方案，从 REM 睡眠和清醒的深夜中获得多个体验样本。结果表明，报告的梦境和清醒体验在认知和感官质量上惊人地相似。同时，在一般现实定向和逻辑组织问题上（例如，事件、行动和地点的怪诞或典型性），对梦境和清醒体验的评价明显不同。与其他最近的研究一致（例如，Bulkeley & Kahan，2008；Kozmová & Wolman，2006），与结构特征相比，从梦境和清醒中采样的体验在过程特征上更为相似。
