Ross J E
J Gerontol Nurs. 1991 Sep;17(9):19-23. doi: 10.3928/0098-9134-19910901-06.
Persons who are susceptible to falls can be identified before a fall occurs. A risk prediction tool must be evaluated for its usefulness; if a tool is not feasible, elderly persons who have fallen once are at high risk of falling again. Once high risk has been identified, strategies must be planned to prevent subsequent falls. One of the most important strategies is to communicate to all staff which patients are at high risk and the general circumstances surrounding any patient fall. Few interventions have been shown through rigorous clinical studies to be effective. Passive interventions, such as alarms, are usually more reliable than active interventions that staff must administer. Interventions must be individualized, based on the patient's deficits.
在跌倒发生之前，可以识别出容易跌倒的人。必须评估风险预测工具的实用性；如果一种工具不可行，那么已经跌倒过一次的老年人再次跌倒的风险就很高。一旦确定了高风险，就必须制定策略以防止随后的跌倒。最重要的策略之一是告知所有工作人员哪些患者处于高风险以及任何患者跌倒的大致情况。很少有干预措施通过严格的临床研究证明是有效的。被动干预措施，如警报器，通常比工作人员必须实施的主动干预措施更可靠。干预措施必须根据患者的缺陷进行个性化定制。
