Schrock Mary, Dindal Amy, Billets Stephen
Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Feb;90(2):1289-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.011. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Traditional high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can be time consuming and expensive. Consequently, alternative methods are of great interest to regulatory agencies and others characterizing contaminated sites. One factor that hinders acceptance of alternative methods is a lack of performance information that assesses the alternative method's impacts on analytical results. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Monitoring and Measurement Technologies Program (EPA SITE MMT) encourages the development and implementation of innovative and alternative monitoring methods by providing performance information on site characterization technologies. This paper presents a comparison of the results obtained from laboratory-based alternative approaches for screening sediment and soil samples for dioxin toxicity equivalents (TEQ(D/F)) to results obtained using traditional HRMS. The laboratory-based approaches included modifying the traditional HRMS analysis to make it more cost-effective (alternate 1613B), analyzing extracts that had been prepared for HRMS using low resolution mass spectrometry, and determining total organic carbon (TOC) content as an indicator of PCDD/F content. These comparisons demonstrated that TEQ(D/F) values generated using toxicity equivalency factors proposed by the World Health Organization in 1998 applied to alternate 1613B and LRMS analyses have a strong linear correlation to the TEQ(D/F) values derived in the same fashion from traditional HRMS analysis. These results would have placed >90% of the samples within the same concentration intervals using ranges of <0.05, 0.05-0.50, 0.50-5, and >5ng TEQ/g. Natural log transformed data for TOC had significantly weaker correlation to TEQ(D/F), indicating that TOC is not a reliable indicator of TEQ(D/F) concentrations.
传统的用于多氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的高分辨率质谱（HRMS）分析可能既耗时又昂贵。因此，替代方法受到监管机构和其他对污染场地进行特征描述的机构的极大关注。阻碍替代方法被接受的一个因素是缺乏评估替代方法对分析结果影响的性能信息。美国环境保护局的超级基金创新技术评估监测与测量技术计划（EPA SITE MMT）通过提供场地特征描述技术的性能信息，鼓励开发和实施创新及替代监测方法。本文比较了基于实验室的用于筛选沉积物和土壤样品中二噁英毒性当量（TEQ(D/F)）的替代方法与使用传统HRMS获得的结果。基于实验室的方法包括修改传统HRMS分析以使其更具成本效益（替代1613B），使用低分辨率质谱分析为HRMS制备的提取物，以及测定总有机碳（TOC）含量作为PCDD/F含量的指标。这些比较表明，使用世界卫生组织1998年提出的毒性当量因子应用于替代1613B和低分辨率质谱分析所产生的TEQ(D/F)值，与以相同方式从传统HRMS分析得出的TEQ(D/F)值具有很强的线性相关性。使用<0.05、0.05 - 0.50、0.50 - 5和>5 ng TEQ/g的范围，这些结果会使>90%的样品处于相同的浓度区间内。TOC的自然对数转换数据与TEQ(D/F)的相关性明显较弱，表明TOC不是TEQ(D/F)浓度的可靠指标。
