Davidhizar Ruth, Giger Joyce Newman
School of Nursing, Bethel College, Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA.
J Natl Black Nurses Assoc. 2008 Jul;19(1):63-8.
It is commonly accepted that people differ culturally. In the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model, cultural differences are evident in communication, spatial relationships and needs, social organizations (church, family, kinships, and clubs), time orientation, the ability or desire to control the environment, and biological variations (Giger & Davidhizar, 2008). While many individuals appreciate that there are differences between cultures, what is less well recognized is that people also vary according to biological variations depending on their racial and ethnic group. In the last 15 years, information about biological variations has rapidly expanded and that knowledge is essential in order to understand and provide care to individuals from another culture or another racial and ethnic group. Attention to biological variations related to race and ethnicity, the last component of the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Nursing Assessment Model, is a critical phenomenon that needs to be assessed in order to develop and implement a culturally sensitive plan of care in an effort to understand ethnopharmacolgy.
人们在文化上存在差异，这是普遍公认的。在吉格和大卫希扎尔的跨文化评估模型中，文化差异在沟通、空间关系与需求、社会组织（教会、家庭、亲属关系和俱乐部）、时间取向、控制环境的能力或愿望以及生物差异等方面都很明显（吉格和大卫希扎尔，2008年）。虽然许多人认识到文化之间存在差异，但较少被认识到的是，人们也会因其种族和民族群体的不同而在生物差异方面存在差异。在过去15年里，有关生物差异的信息迅速增加，而这些知识对于理解和照顾来自其他文化或其他种族和民族群体的人至关重要。关注与种族和民族相关的生物差异，这是吉格和大卫希扎尔跨文化护理评估模型的最后一个组成部分，是一个关键现象，为了制定和实施具有文化敏感性的护理计划以理解民族药理学，需要对其进行评估。
