Clarkson Joshua J, Tormala Zakary L, Rucker Derek D
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008 Oct;95(4):810-25. doi: 10.1037/a0013192.
It is well established that increasing attitude certainty makes attitudes more resistant to attack and more predictive of behavior. This finding has been interpreted as indicating that attitude certainty crystallizes attitudes, making them more durable and impactful. The current research challenges this crystallization hypothesis and proposes an amplification hypothesis, which suggests that instead of invariably strengthening an attitude, attitude certainty amplifies the dominant effect of the attitude on thought, judgment, and behavior. In 3 experiments, the authors test these competing hypotheses by comparing the effects of attitude certainty manipulations on univalent versus ambivalent attitudes. Across experiments, it is demonstrated that increasing attitude certainty strengthens attitudes (e.g., increases their resistance to persuasion) when attitudes are univalent but weakens attitudes (e.g., decreases their resistance to persuasion) when attitudes are ambivalent. These results are consistent with the amplification hypothesis.
人们已经充分认识到，态度的确定性增加会使态度更能抵御攻击，并且更能预测行为。这一发现被解释为表明态度确定性使态度具体化，使其更持久且更具影响力。当前的研究对这一具体化假设提出了挑战，并提出了一个放大假设，该假设表明，态度确定性并非总是强化一种态度，而是放大了态度对思维、判断和行为的主导作用。在3个实验中，作者通过比较态度确定性操纵对单一态度与矛盾态度的影响来检验这些相互竞争的假设。在所有实验中，结果表明，当态度是单一时，增加态度确定性会强化态度（例如，增加其对说服的抵抗力），而当态度是矛盾时，增加态度确定性会削弱态度（例如，降低其对说服的抵抗力）。这些结果与放大假设一致。
