Department of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2009 May-Jun;44(3):319-37. doi: 10.1080/13682820802052067.
This study investigates the use of requests for clarification in conversations between teenagers with a cochlear implant (CI) and hearing peers. So far very few studies have focused on conversational abilities in children with CI.
The aim was to explore co-construction of dialogue in a referential communication task and the participation of the teenagers with CI in comparison with individually matched hearing children and teenagers (HC) by studying the use of requests for clarification.
METHODS & PROCEDURES: Sixteen conversational pairs participated: eight pairs consisting of a child with CI and his/her hearing conversational partner (CIP); and eight pairs consisting of an HC and a conversational partner (HCP). The conversational pairs were videotaped while carrying out a referential communication task requiring the description of two sets of pictures depicting faces. The dialogues were transcribed and analysed with respect to the number of words and turns, the time it took for each pair to complete the tasks, and the occurrence and different types of requests for clarification that were used in each type of conversational pair and in each type of dialogue.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The main finding was that the teenagers with CI produced significantly more requests for clarification than the HCs. The most frequently used type of request for clarification in all dialogues was request for confirmation of new information. Furthermore, there was a trend for the teenagers with CI to use this type of request more often than the HC. In contrast, the teenagers with CI used significantly fewer requests for confirmation of already given information and fewer requests for elaboration than the HC.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The deaf teenagers with CI in the study seem to be equally collaborative and responsible conversational partners as the hearing teenagers. The interpretation is that certain conditions in this study facilitate their participation in conversation. Such conditions might be a calm environment, a task that is structured and without time limits and that the partner is well known to the teenager with CI.
本研究调查了使用澄清请求在有耳蜗植入物（CI）的青少年与听力同伴之间的对话。到目前为止，很少有研究关注有 CI 的儿童的会话能力。
目的是通过研究澄清请求的使用，探索参考交流任务中的对话共建以及与单独匹配的听力儿童和青少年（HC）相比，CI 青少年的参与情况。
共有 16 对会话者参与：8 对由一个 CI 儿童和他/她的听力对话伙伴（CIP）组成；8 对由一个 HC 和一个对话伙伴（HCP）组成。在进行参考交流任务时，对对话对进行了录像，该任务需要描述两组描绘面部的图片。对对话进行了转录和分析，以比较每组的词数和轮数、完成任务所需的时间，以及在每种对话对和每种对话中使用的澄清请求的出现和不同类型。
主要发现是 CI 青少年的澄清请求明显多于 HC。在所有对话中最常用的澄清请求类型是请求确认新信息。此外，CI 青少年比 HC 更倾向于使用这种类型的请求。相比之下，CI 青少年使用的已给出信息的确认请求和详细请求明显少于 HC。
研究中的聋人青少年 CI 似乎与听力青少年一样，是同等协作和负责的对话伙伴。这表明，在这项研究中，某些条件促进了他们参与对话。这些条件可能是一个平静的环境、一个结构化且没有时间限制的任务以及青少年 CI 熟悉的伙伴。
