Fazio A
Northeast Louisiana University School of Pharmacy, Monroe 71209-0470.
South Med J. 1991 Aug;84(8):997-1002. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199108000-00012.
Interactions with oral contraceptives (OCs) occur with drugs commonly used to treat epilepsy, tuberculosis, and depression. Most women are more likely to use antibiotics, analgesics, and antihistamines, which have also been shown to interact with OCs. The mechanisms behind these interactions may be hepatic microsomal enzyme induction or inhibition, interference with the enterohepatic circulation of steroid metabolites, interference with absorption, competition between two drugs for the same metabolizing enzyme, or induction of an opposite physiologic effect. Rifampin was the first drug reported to interfere with the efficacy of OCs. The anticonvulsants and certain antibiotics, namely ampicillin and tetracycline, also decrease the efficacy of OCs. Oral contraceptives also interfere with the metabolism of other drugs. Plasma concentrations of theophylline, diazepam, and certain other benzodiazepines are increased by OC steroids. Because OCs interact with a wide variety of prescription and over-the-counter medications, a thorough drug history should be taken in all patients taking OCs.
口服避孕药（OCs）与常用于治疗癫痫、结核病和抑郁症的药物之间会发生相互作用。大多数女性更有可能使用抗生素、镇痛药和抗组胺药，这些药物也已被证明会与口服避孕药相互作用。这些相互作用背后的机制可能是肝微粒体酶的诱导或抑制、干扰类固醇代谢物的肠肝循环、干扰吸收、两种药物对同一代谢酶的竞争，或诱导相反的生理效应。利福平是首个被报道会干扰口服避孕药疗效的药物。抗惊厥药和某些抗生素，即氨苄西林和四环素，也会降低口服避孕药的疗效。口服避孕药也会干扰其他药物的代谢。口服避孕药类固醇会使茶碱、地西泮和某些其他苯二氮䓬类药物的血浆浓度升高。由于口服避孕药会与多种处方药和非处方药相互作用，因此应对所有服用口服避孕药的患者进行全面的用药史询问。
