物体识别的宽松窗口期
The uncrowded window of object recognition.
作者信息
Pelli Denis G, Tillman Katharine A
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA.
出版信息
Nat Neurosci. 2008 Oct;11(10):1129-35. doi: 10.1038/nn.2187.
It is now emerging that vision is usually limited by object spacing rather than size. The visual system recognizes an object by detecting and then combining its features. 'Crowding' occurs when objects are too close together and features from several objects are combined into a jumbled percept. Here, we review the explosion of studies on crowding--in grating discrimination, letter and face recognition, visual search, selective attention, and reading--and find a universal principle, the Bouma law. The critical spacing required to prevent crowding is equal for all objects, although the effect is weaker between dissimilar objects. Furthermore, critical spacing at the cortex is independent of object position, and critical spacing at the visual field is proportional to object distance from fixation. The region where object spacing exceeds critical spacing is the 'uncrowded window'. Observers cannot recognize objects outside of this window and its size limits the speed of reading and search.
现在逐渐显现出，视觉通常受物体间距而非大小的限制。视觉系统通过检测并组合物体的特征来识别物体。当物体靠得太近，几个物体的特征被组合成一个混乱的感知时，就会出现“拥挤现象”。在此，我们回顾了关于拥挤现象在光栅辨别、字母和面部识别、视觉搜索、选择性注意及阅读等方面的大量研究，并发现了一个通用原则，即布马定律。防止拥挤所需的临界间距对所有物体而言是相等的，尽管在不同物体之间这种效应较弱。此外，皮质处的临界间距与物体位置无关，而视野中的临界间距与物体离注视点的距离成正比。物体间距超过临界间距的区域就是“非拥挤窗口”。观察者无法识别该窗口之外的物体，其大小限制了阅读和搜索的速度。
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