玉米和大豆饲料中瘤胃磷的消失情况。

Ruminal phosphorus disappearance from corn and soybean feedstuffs.

作者信息

Mjoun K, Kalscheur K F, Hippen A R, Schingoethe D J

机构信息

Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, USA.

出版信息

J Dairy Sci. 2008 Oct;91(10):3938-46. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0688.

DOI:10.3168/jds.2007-0688

PMID:18832218

Abstract

Byproducts of corn and soybeans have high phosphorus (P) content, but little is known about their P disappearance in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. In situ disappearance of P from corn and soybean feed-stuffs was determined in 2 experiments. In the first experiment, 3 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows were used to estimate in situ P disappearance of 9 feed ingredients that included 3 sources of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDG; DGa, DGb, DGc), corn, corn germ, solvent-extracted soybean meal, (44% CP; SBM), expeller soybean meal (SoyPlus; SP), extruded soybeans (ES), and soyhulls (SH). Nylon bags were incubated in the rumen of each cow for 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h. The water-soluble fraction of P (A(P)) was greatest in DDG (mean 82.1%) followed by corn germ (77%), with SH having the least A(P) among all feedstuffs (45%). The remaining feedstuffs (SBM, SP, ES, and corn) were similar in A(P) (64.2%). The slowly available fraction of P (B(P)) was greatest in SH (45.6%), lowest in DDG (13.5%), and intermediate, averaging 31.4%, in SBM, ES, SP, and corn. The effective disappearance of P (ED(P)) was greatest for DDG (93.5%), whereas corn germ, ES, SBM, and SP followed with an ED(P) of 93.3, 88.0, 87.5, and 87.0%, respectively. The ED(P) was less for corn and SH than for the other feedstuffs at 83.3 and 69.1%, respectively. Rate of P disappearance was similar for all feedstuffs (16.2%/h). In the second experiment, 3 new sources of DDG (DG1, DG2, and DG3), and one wet distillers grains with solubles (WDG) source were incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h on replicate days in the rumen of 2 cannulated lactating dairy cows. Fraction A(P) varied from 82.7 to 90.3%, with that in WDG being the least soluble. The WDG source had a greater B(P) fraction (15.8%) compared with the DDG sources (9.5%). The WDG had the lowest ED(P) (88.1%), whereas the DDG varied from 89.7 to 92.7%. Corn and soybean byproducts tested, with the exception of SH, have high ruminal P disappearance as measured with the Dacron bag technique.

摘要

玉米和大豆的副产品磷（P）含量较高，但关于它们在泌乳奶牛瘤胃中的磷消失情况却知之甚少。通过两个实验测定了玉米和大豆饲料中磷的原位消失情况。在第一个实验中，选用3头安装了瘤胃瘘管的泌乳奶牛，以估计9种饲料成分的磷原位消失情况，这些成分包括3种不同来源的含可溶物干酒糟（DDG；DGa、DGb、DGc）、玉米、玉米胚芽、溶剂浸出豆粕（粗蛋白含量44%；SBM）、压榨豆粕（SoyPlus；SP）、挤压大豆（ES）和豆皮（SH）。将尼龙袋在每头奶牛的瘤胃中分别培养2、6、12、18、24、36和48小时。磷的水溶性部分（A(P)）在DDG中最高（平均82.1%），其次是玉米胚芽（77%），在所有饲料中豆皮的A(P)最低（45%）。其余饲料（SBM、SP、ES和玉米）的A(P)相似（64.2%）。磷的慢可利用部分（B(P)）在豆皮中最高（45.6%），在DDG中最低（13.5%），在SBM、ES、SP和玉米中处于中间水平，平均为31.4%。磷的有效消失率（ED(P)）在DDG中最高（93.5%），而玉米胚芽、ES、SBM和SP的ED(P)分别为93.3%、88.0%、87.5%和87.0%。玉米和豆皮的ED(P)分别为83.3%和69.1%，低于其他饲料。所有饲料的磷消失速率相似（16.2%/小时）。在第二个实验中，将3种新来源DDG（DG1、DG2和DG3）以及1种含可溶物湿酒糟（WDG）来源在2头安装了瘤胃瘘管的泌乳奶牛瘤胃中重复培养3、6、12、2分别为4和36小时。A(P)部分在82.7%至90.3%之间变化，其中WDG的溶解性最低。与DDG来源（9.5%）相比，WDG来源的B(P)部分更大（15.8%）。WDG的ED(P)最低（88.1%），而DDG的ED(P)在89.7%至92.7%之间变化。除豆皮外，所测试的玉米和大豆副产品用涤纶袋技术测定时瘤胃磷消失率较高。