McKnight A J, Shinar D, Hilburn B
National Public Services Research Institute, Landover, MD 20785.
Accid Anal Prev. 1991 Aug;23(4):225-37. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(91)90002-m.
This study compared the performance of 40 monocular and 40 binocular tractor-trailer drivers on measures of both visual and driving performance. On the visual measures, the mononuclear drivers were significantly deficient in contrast sensitivity, visual acuity under low illumination and glare, and binocular depth perception. They were not significantly deficient in static or dynamic visual acuity, visual field of individual eyes, or glare recovery. Driving measures of visual search, lane keeping, clearance judgment, gap judgment, hazard detection, and information recognition showed no differences between monocular and binocular drivers. Monocular drives were poorer than binocular drivers only in sign reading distance in both daytime and nighttime driving. This decrement correlated significantly with the binocular depth perception measure. There were large individual differences within each group for most of the visual and driving performance measures. It was concluded that monocular drivers have some significant reductions in selected visual capabilities and in certain driving functions dependent on these abilities, compared with binocular drivers. However, monocular drivers are not significantly worse than binocular drivers in the safety of most day-to-day driving functions. Implications of these findings and the large individual differences within each group are discussed.
本研究比较了40名单眼和40名双眼牵引车挂车驾驶员在视觉和驾驶性能方面的表现。在视觉测量方面，单眼驾驶员在对比敏感度、低光照和眩光条件下的视力以及双眼深度感知方面存在显著缺陷。他们在静态或动态视力、单眼视野或眩光恢复方面没有显著缺陷。视觉搜索、车道保持、间隙判断、距离判断、危险检测和信息识别等驾驶测量结果显示，单眼和双眼驾驶员之间没有差异。单眼驾驶员仅在白天和夜间驾驶的标志认读距离方面比双眼驾驶员差。这种下降与双眼深度感知测量结果显著相关。对于大多数视觉和驾驶性能测量，每组内都存在很大的个体差异。研究得出结论，与双眼驾驶员相比，单眼驾驶员在某些特定视觉能力以及依赖这些能力的某些驾驶功能方面有显著下降。然而，在大多数日常驾驶功能的安全性方面，单眼驾驶员并不比双眼驾驶员差很多。本文讨论了这些发现的意义以及每组内存在的巨大个体差异。
