Briones-Fourzán Patricia, Ramírez-Zaldívar Eunice, Lozano-Alvarez Enrique
Unidad Académica Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cancún, Q.R., Mexico.
Biol Bull. 2008 Oct;215(2):182-90. doi: 10.2307/25470699.
In spiny lobsters, conspecific scents ("aggregation cues") may mediate gregarious diurnal sheltering, but scents from injured conspecifics ("alarm odors") may elicit avoidance behavior. In laboratory experiments, individuals of two coexisting species, Panulirus guttatus (a reef-obligate) and P. argus (a temporary reef-dweller), significantly chose shelters emanating conspecific aggregation cues and responded randomly to shelters emanating heterospecific aggregation cues. However, despite evidence that the two species perceived each other's alarm odors to a similar extent, P. guttatus responded randomly to shelters emanating either conspecific or heterospecific alarm odors, whereas P. argus significantly avoided both. This differential influence of alarm odors likely reflects interspecific differences in life history, sociality, and behavior. The less social, reef-obligate P. guttatus lobsters forage close to their reef dens, into which they retract deeply upon perception of risk. This cryptic behavior may offset the need to avoid conspecific (and heterospecific) alarm odors. In contrast, avoidance of conspecific alarm odors by P. argus is consistent with its ontogenetic habitat shifts and greater sociality. Furthermore, because reef-dwelling P. argus lobsters forage across open areas away from the reef, an ability to avoid alarm odors from P. guttatus upon returning to their reef dens may increase their fitness.
在多刺龙虾中，同种气味（“聚集线索”）可能介导群居性日间避难行为，但来自受伤同种个体的气味（“警报气味”）可能引发回避行为。在实验室实验中，两种共存物种——斑点龙虾（一种依赖珊瑚礁生存的物种）和美洲龙虾（一种临时栖息在珊瑚礁的物种）的个体，显著选择散发同种聚集线索的避难所，并对散发异种聚集线索的避难所做出随机反应。然而，尽管有证据表明这两个物种对彼此的警报气味的感知程度相似，但斑点龙虾对散发同种或异种警报气味的避难所做出随机反应，而美洲龙虾则显著避开这两种避难所。警报气味的这种差异影响可能反映了种间在生活史、社会性和行为方面的差异。社会性较低、依赖珊瑚礁生存的斑点龙虾在靠近其珊瑚礁巢穴的地方觅食，一旦察觉到风险，它们就会深深地缩回巢穴。这种隐秘行为可能抵消了避免同种（和异种）警报气味的需求。相比之下，美洲龙虾对同种警报气味的回避与其个体发育过程中的栖息地变化和更强的社会性是一致的。此外，由于栖息在珊瑚礁的美洲龙虾在远离珊瑚礁的开阔区域觅食，回到珊瑚礁巢穴时避免斑点龙虾警报气味的能力可能会提高它们的适应性。
