de Vries Rory D, Stittelaar Koert J, Osterhaus Albert D M E, de Swart Rik L
Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008 Oct;7(8):1215-23. doi: 10.1586/14760584.7.8.1215.
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. With 1 million deaths reported in 1996, measles was the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths. However, in recent years, significant progress has been made in measles control, reducing deaths attributed to measles to 454,000 in 2004 and 242,000 in 2006. The main strategy behind this reduction has been the improvement of vaccination coverage and implementation of a second opportunity for immunization with the live-attenuated measles vaccine. The Measles Initiative, a partnership between the American Red Cross, CDC, UNICEF, WHO and UN Foundation, has had a significant role in this achievement. Here, we provide an overview of old and new vaccination strategies, and discuss changes in the route of administration of the existing live-attenuated vaccine, the development of new-generation nonreplicating measles virus vaccine candidates and attempts to use recombinant measles virus as a vector for vaccination against other pathogens.
麻疹是一种极具传染性的病毒性疾病。1996年有100万人死于麻疹，麻疹是疫苗可预防死亡的主要原因。然而，近年来，麻疹防控工作取得了重大进展，2004年因麻疹死亡人数降至45.4万，2006年降至24.2万。这一下降背后的主要策略是提高疫苗接种覆盖率，并实施使用减毒活麻疹疫苗进行二次免疫的机会。由美国红十字会、美国疾病控制与预防中心、联合国儿童基金会、世界卫生组织和联合国基金会合作开展的“麻疹行动”在这一成就中发挥了重要作用。在此，我们概述新旧疫苗接种策略，并讨论现有减毒活疫苗接种途径的变化、新一代非复制型麻疹病毒候选疫苗的研发，以及尝试将重组麻疹病毒用作针对其他病原体进行疫苗接种的载体。
