Launois Pascal, Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne, Kieny Marie-Paul
WHO-Immunology Research and Training Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses, 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008 Oct;7(8):1277-87. doi: 10.1586/14760584.7.8.1277.
Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases due to the protozoan parasite Leishmania . Since no prevention method is available and as current therapy is costly, often poorly tolerated and not always efficacious, the development of alternative therapies, including vaccines, constitutes the priority in the fight of Leishmania infection. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis, with emphasis on the cutaneous form. Indeed, the fact that recovery from leishmaniasis is associated with immunity against new infection provides a rational basis for the development of vaccination strategy against infection with Leishmania . Evidence from animal studies demonstrate that protection can be achieved following infection with live-attenuated Leishmania as well as through immunization with purified proteins or DNA vaccines. In addition, recent results have shown that immunization against the saliva of the insect vector could have synergistic effects with conventional vaccination. Finally, vaccination using dendritic cells was recently demonstrated as a possible tool for Leishmania vaccination.
利什曼病是由原生动物寄生虫利什曼原虫引起的媒介传播疾病。由于目前没有预防方法，且现有的治疗方法成本高昂，耐受性通常较差且并非总是有效，因此开发包括疫苗在内的替代疗法成为对抗利什曼原虫感染的首要任务。本综述重点关注抗利什曼病疫苗开发的最新进展，尤其侧重于皮肤型利什曼病。事实上，从利什曼病康复与对新感染的免疫力相关这一事实为制定抗利什曼原虫感染的疫苗接种策略提供了合理依据。动物研究的证据表明，接种减毒活利什曼原虫以及用纯化蛋白或DNA疫苗免疫后均可实现保护作用。此外，最近的研究结果表明，针对昆虫媒介唾液进行免疫接种可能与传统疫苗接种产生协同效应。最后，最近证明使用树突状细胞进行疫苗接种是利什曼病疫苗接种的一种可能工具。
