Farrokhi M, Hajrasoliha M, Meemari G, Fahiminia M, Talebi M, Kohansal M
Mehrdad Farrokhi-Department Environmental Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Water Sci Technol. 2008;58(6):1181-6. doi: 10.2166/wst.2008.347.
For sustainable development an integrated cost-effective approach focused on the goal of health and environmental protection is necessary. In Iran more than 22 million people live in rural communities. A little more than 92% of the rural population in Iran have access to safe drinking water supply, but only less than 0.2% have sanitary wastewater disposal system. Groundwater is the main resource of water supply in rural communities in Iran and contaminated or untreated groundwater can be the major reason for waterborne diseases outbreak and wastewater discharge is the main cause of groundwater contamination. In new strategy in Iran's wastewater company, the importance of wastewater treatment is equal to water treatment in rural communities and the main goal in this section is providing sanitary wastewater disposal system for 8% of rural areas until 2010 and 30% until 2020. One of the most important limitations for establishment of wastewater disposal system is the limitation of governmental funds. For this reason, a national program was performed for ranking of rural communities with the goal of improving the funding effectiveness in wastewater management in rural communities. Many important criteria were considered for determination of priorities, these criteria include: population, population density, water consumption and wastewater generation, wastes disposal systems at present, environmental and health risks, agricultural and industrial wastewater, social conditions specially public participation, investment simplicity and type of living (seasonal or permanent). For collection of information about rural community, according to the criteria, a questionnaire was designed with 40 quantified questions. Questionnaires completed for all rural areas with more than 400 people population (more than 77% of rural population of the country). Completed questionnaires were analyzed with specific software for ranking of villages according to above mentioned criteria. Right now the classification of villages is available in provinces of the country from environmental and health crisis and funding points of view and we know whereabouts have priority for establishment of wastewater installations.
为实现可持续发展，有必要采取一种以健康和环境保护为目标的综合成本效益方法。在伊朗，超过2200万人生活在农村社区。伊朗略多于92%的农村人口能够获得安全的饮用水供应，但只有不到0.2%的人拥有生活污水处理系统。地下水是伊朗农村社区供水的主要资源，受污染或未经处理的地下水可能是水源性疾病爆发的主要原因，而废水排放是地下水污染的主要原因。在伊朗废水公司的新战略中，农村社区污水处理的重要性与水处理相当，该部门的主要目标是到2010年为8%的农村地区提供生活污水处理系统，到2020年达到30%。建立污水处理系统最重要的限制之一是政府资金的限制。因此，实施了一项国家计划，对农村社区进行排名，目的是提高农村社区废水管理的资金使用效率。确定优先事项时考虑了许多重要标准，这些标准包括：人口、人口密度、用水量和废水产生量、目前的废物处理系统、环境和健康风险、农业和工业废水、社会状况特别是公众参与、投资简易程度和居住类型（季节性或永久性）。为了收集有关农村社区的信息，根据这些标准设计了一份有40个量化问题的问卷。对全国所有人口超过400人的农村地区（占全国农村人口的77%以上）进行了问卷调查。使用特定软件对完成的问卷进行分析，以便根据上述标准对村庄进行排名。目前，从环境和健康危机以及资金角度来看，该国各省都有村庄分类情况，我们也知道哪些地方在建设污水处理设施方面具有优先地位。
