Walker Tanja Y, Elam-Evans Laurie D, Singleton James A, Yankey David, Markowitz Lauri E, Fredua Benjamin, Williams Charnetta L, Meyer Sarah A, Stokley Shannon
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Aug 25;66(33):874-882. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6633a2.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that adolescents routinely receive tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap), meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (1) at age 11-12 years. ACIP also recommends catch-up vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and varicella vaccine for adolescents who are not up to date with childhood vaccinations. ACIP recommends a booster dose of MenACWY at age 16 years (1). In December 2016, ACIP updated HPV vaccine recommendations to include a 2-dose schedule for immunocompetent adolescents initiating the vaccination series before their 15th birthday (2). To estimate adolescent vaccination coverage in the United States, CDC analyzed data from the 2016 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) for 20,475 adolescents aged 13-17 years.* During 2015-2016, coverage increased for ≥1 dose of Tdap (from 86.4% to 88.0%) and for each HPV vaccine dose (from 56.1% to 60.4% for ≥1 dose). Among adolescents aged 17 years, coverage with ≥2 doses of MenACWY increased from 33.3% to 39.1%. In 2016, 43.4% of adolescents (49.5% of females; 37.5% of males) were up to date with the HPV vaccination series, applying the updated HPV vaccine recommendations retrospectively. Coverage with ≥1 HPV vaccine dose varied by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status and was lowest (50.4%) among adolescents living in non-MSA areas and highest (65.9%) among those living in MSA central cities. Adolescent vaccination coverage continues to improve overall; however, substantial opportunities exist to further increase HPV-associated cancer prevention.
免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议青少年在11至12岁时常规接种破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳疫苗（Tdap）、脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗（MenACWY）以及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗（1）。ACIP还建议未完成儿童期疫苗接种的青少年补种乙肝疫苗、麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗以及水痘疫苗。ACIP建议在16岁时接种一剂加强剂量的MenACWY（1）。2016年12月，ACIP更新了HPV疫苗接种建议，将15岁生日前开始接种系列疫苗的免疫功能正常青少年的接种程序改为两剂次（2）。为了估算美国青少年的疫苗接种覆盖率，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了2016年全国青少年免疫调查（NIS - Teen）中20475名13至17岁青少年的数据。*在2015 - 2016年期间，一剂及以上Tdap疫苗的接种覆盖率有所上升（从86.4%升至88.0%），HPV疫苗各剂次的接种覆盖率也有所上升（一剂及以上从56.1%升至60.4%）。在17岁的青少年中，两剂及以上MenACWY疫苗的接种覆盖率从33.3%升至39.1%。2016年，按照更新后的HPV疫苗接种建议进行追溯计算，43.4%的青少年（女性为49.5%；男性为37.5%）完成了HPV疫苗全程接种。一剂及以上HPV疫苗的接种覆盖率因大都市统计区（MSA）状况而异，居住在非MSA地区的青少年中该覆盖率最低（50.4%），居住在MSA中心城市的青少年中该覆盖率最高（65.9%）。总体而言，青少年疫苗接种覆盖率持续提高；然而，仍有大量机会可进一步提高与HPV相关癌症的预防水平。
