Fischer Sarah, Smith Gregory T, Cyders Melissa A
Psychology Department, University of Georgia, United States.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Dec;28(8):1413-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.09.001. Epub 2008 Sep 7.
Recent advances in personality theory indicate that there are distinct constructs that dispose individuals to rash action and risky behavior, as opposed to one broad trait of impulsivity. Two are emotion based, two represent deficits in conscientiousness, and one is sensation seeking. Previous studies of impulsivity and its relationship to bulimia nervosa have yielded mixed findings. The authors applied this advance in personality theory to the study of bulimia nervosa (BN) to test the hypothesis that the emotion-based disposition of negative urgency (the tendency to act rashly when distressed) relates most strongly to BN symptoms. A meta-analysis of 50 articles indicated the following. Negative urgency had by far the largest effect size (weighted r=.38), followed by sensation seeking (weighted r=.16); lack of planning (weighted r=.16) and lack of persistence (weighted r=.08). Methodological moderators of the effect of distinct traits on BN symptoms were the use of scales that precisely measured one construct as opposed to general impulsivity scales that measured several constructs, clinical vs. non-clinical samples, and whether or not the personality scale was translated from its original language or not. Negative urgency appears especially important for BN; more broadly, researchers should consider the role of emotion-based dispositions to rash acts in their risk theories.
人格理论的最新进展表明，存在一些独特的结构，这些结构会使个体倾向于轻率行动和冒险行为，这与单一的广义冲动特质不同。其中两个基于情绪，两个代表尽责性方面的缺陷，还有一个是寻求刺激。先前关于冲动性及其与神经性贪食症关系的研究结果不一。作者将人格理论的这一进展应用于神经性贪食症（BN）的研究，以检验以下假设：基于情绪的消极紧迫感倾向（在痛苦时轻率行动的倾向）与BN症状的关联最为紧密。对50篇文章的荟萃分析表明如下情况。消极紧迫感的效应量迄今为止最大（加权r = 0.38），其次是寻求刺激（加权r = 0.16）；缺乏计划性（加权r = 0.16）和缺乏坚持性（加权r = 0.08）。不同特质对BN症状影响的方法学调节因素包括：使用精确测量单一结构的量表而非测量多个结构的一般冲动性量表、临床样本与非临床样本，以及人格量表是否从其原始语言翻译而来。消极紧迫感对BN似乎尤为重要；更广泛地说，研究人员在其风险理论中应考虑基于情绪的轻率行为倾向的作用。
