Yousif N J, Ye Z
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Clin Plast Surg. 1991 Jul;18(3):559-70.
The use of cutaneous and musculocutaneous flaps has been greatly enhanced by a better understanding of vascular anatomy. Cutaneous vessels reach the skin by three basic pathways: over the muscle layer, through the muscles, and between the muscles. The authors' anatomic investigation of each of these three types of vessels and the clinical application of this information is presented.
