Crowley J S
US Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, Ala.
J Occup Med. 1991 Jul;33(7):766-9.
Flight helmets have been recommended as aircrew head protection since 1908, yet debate continues regarding their effectiveness. Estimates of helmet use in civilian helicopter aeromedical programs range from 6.5% to 13%. The effectiveness of the Army's SPH-4 flight helmet in reducing severe head injuries sustained during helicopter accidents was evaluated using the accident data base at the US Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, Alabama. Analysis was restricted to severe (Class A) accidents that were at least partially survivable, using US Army Safety Center criteria. Occupants not wearing a protective helmet were significantly more likely to sustain severe and fatal head injuries than were occupants wearing the SPH-4 (RR = 3.8 and 6.3, respectively; P less than .01). Unhelmeted noncockpit occupants were at higher risk of head injuries (RR = 5.3 and 7.5; P less than .01). All personnel regularly participating in helicopter flight, civilian or military, should be equipped with protective headgear.
自1908年以来，飞行头盔一直被推荐作为空勤人员的头部防护装备，但关于其有效性的争论仍在继续。民用直升机航空医疗项目中头盔的使用率估计在6.5%至13%之间。利用位于阿拉巴马州拉克堡的美国陆军安全中心的事故数据库，对陆军的SPH-4飞行头盔在减少直升机事故中严重头部损伤方面的有效性进行了评估。根据美国陆军安全中心的标准，分析仅限于至少部分可存活的严重（A类）事故。未佩戴防护头盔的乘员比佩戴SPH-4头盔的乘员遭受严重和致命头部损伤的可能性显著更高（相对危险度分别为3.8和6.3；P<0.01）。未戴头盔的非驾驶舱乘员头部受伤的风险更高（相对危险度为5.3和7.5；P<0.01）。所有定期参与直升机飞行的人员，无论是民用还是军事人员，都应配备防护头盔。
