Hirabayashi K
Department of Hygiene, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1991 Jun;46(2):652-61. doi: 10.1265/jjh.46.652.
Adult Chironomidae (Diptera, particularly Chironomus plumosus and Tokunagayusurika akamusi) emerging from eutrophic lakes or polluted bodies of water in Japan have become intolerable because they pose a severe nuisance and cause economic problems. In the Lake Suwa area, massive flights of adult midges of T. akamusi have occurred frequently, and caused problems in the daily life of local residents or for the tourist business. The author tried to clarify the biological and hygienic problems involved in these massive flights. In order to control adult midges, the distribution of larvae in the lake, the period and quantity of emergence from water, the time of flight, and the dispersal range of T. akamusi midges were studied. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Larvae of T. akamusi are distributed over the whole lake, especially in the east and southeast part with high densities. Mean biomass was about 100 g wet weight/m2 in Lake Suwa. On the shore near these areas, dense swarms of adult midges were found. 2. Emergence of T. akamusi from Lake Suwa was observed at the end of September and lasted till the middle of November. The emergence peaked in the middle of October. The time of flight was mainly at 17: 30-19: 30. 3. The dispersal ranges of adult midges were confirmed with two methods, i.e. the ordinary light trap method and a questionnaire survey of 544 residents. The result obtained with the questionnaire survey was consistent with that of the light trap method and the questionnaire survey made it possible to collect information in a wider area than the usual one. 4. T. akamusi midges reached areas over 3 km from the lake, but more than 90 percent of the midges flew within 500 m of the lake's shoreline. However, even in the more distant places where there was a source of bright light there were many adult midges. 5. The wind (at 18: 30) was the main factor which expanded the dispersal range of adults. We observed that many adults appeared after a strong wind (6-7 m/s). 6. Many adult midges were collected by light trap at the top of a building with a height of 45 meters.
在日本，从富营养化湖泊或受污染水体中羽化的成年摇蚊科昆虫（双翅目，特别是羽摇蚊和赤羽摇蚊）已变得令人难以忍受，因为它们造成了严重滋扰并引发经济问题。在诹访湖地区，赤羽摇蚊成虫的大规模飞行频繁发生，给当地居民的日常生活或旅游业带来了问题。作者试图阐明这些大规模飞行所涉及的生物学和卫生学问题。为了控制成年摇蚊，对湖中幼虫的分布、从水中羽化的时期和数量、飞行时间以及赤羽摇蚊的扩散范围进行了研究。所得结果如下：1. 赤羽摇蚊幼虫分布于整个湖泊，尤其是在东部和东南部，密度较高。诹访湖的平均生物量约为100克湿重/平方米。在这些区域附近的岸边，发现了密集的成年摇蚊群。2. 观察到赤羽摇蚊从诹访湖在9月底开始羽化，并持续到11月中旬。羽化高峰期在10月中旬。飞行时间主要在17:30 - 19:30。3. 用两种方法确定了成年摇蚊的扩散范围，即普通诱虫灯法和对544名居民的问卷调查。问卷调查所得结果与诱虫灯法的结果一致，且问卷调查使得能够在比通常更广泛的区域收集信息。4. 赤羽摇蚊飞到了距离湖泊3公里以外的区域，但超过90%的摇蚊在距离湖岸线500米以内飞行。然而，即使在更远但有明亮光源的地方也有许多成年摇蚊。5. 风（18:30时）是扩大成虫扩散范围的主要因素。我们观察到在强风（6 - 7米/秒）过后出现了许多成虫。6. 在一座45米高的建筑物顶部，用诱虫灯收集到了许多成年摇蚊。
