Sánchez Alberto Portera
An R Acad Nac Med (Madr). 2008;125(2):377-84; discussion 384-6.
In animals of the same species, the reflexes, having evolved similarly, in a few milliseconds, automatically activate the corresponding reflex arch and without the intervention of the animal generate the adequate response: medullary, mesencephalic or trans-hemispheric. These neurophysiological functions have allowed the animals to be free from predators and increasy their longevity and, as a consequence, the appearance of numerous species during millions of years. A further step in the reflexes evolution, the instincts emerged and their activity, a result of neuro-hormonal functions, stimulates the male's sexual appetite when the females are receptive for their copulation and fecundation.
在同一物种的动物中，反射以相似的方式进化，在几毫秒内自动激活相应的反射弧，无需动物干预就能产生适当反应：延髓、中脑或跨半球反应。这些神经生理功能使动物能够躲避捕食者，延长寿命，结果在数百万年的时间里出现了众多物种。反射进化的进一步发展是本能的出现，其活动是神经激素功能的结果，当雌性接受交配和受精时，会刺激雄性的性欲望。
