Lloyd Donna M
School of Psychological Sciences, Zochonis Building, The University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Mar;33(3):297-304. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.007. Epub 2008 Sep 24.
Despite a plethora of knowledge, both behavioural and neural, of the mechanisms defining space around a singular body little is known about the neural mechanisms that encode space between bodies. Yet, the space between people creates and defines the social dynamics of our interactions with others. This review brings together evidence from social psychology, which considers individuals and their interactions as whole beings, with neuroscientific evidence of the factors involved in spatial coding to propose a framework by which we can investigate and interpret the neural substrates of 'social space'. A key feature of this framework is that space around the body is defined from a functional 'action-centred' perspective; the same underlying processes mediate interactions with both inanimate and animate objects, with links to emotive and motivational systems encoding the saliency of those interactions. The investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying interpersonal space is timely given the increasing density of our populations and can provide a richer interpretation of findings from neuroimaging studies of prosocial behaviour which may further insights into populations with social dysfunction.
尽管在行为和神经方面，我们对界定单个身体周围空间的机制已有大量了解，但对于编码身体之间空间的神经机制却知之甚少。然而，人与人之间的空间塑造并定义了我们与他人互动的社会动态。本综述汇集了社会心理学的证据（该学科将个体及其互动视为完整的存在）以及神经科学关于空间编码所涉及因素的证据，以提出一个框架，借此我们能够研究和解释“社会空间”的神经基础。该框架的一个关键特征是，身体周围的空间是从功能性的“以行动为中心”的角度来界定的；相同的潜在过程介导了与无生命和有生命物体的互动，并与编码这些互动显著性的情感和动机系统相关联。鉴于我们人口密度不断增加，对人际空间背后神经机制的研究恰逢其时，并且能够为亲社会行为的神经影像学研究结果提供更丰富的解读，这可能会为存在社会功能障碍的人群带来更多见解。
