McDonald Janet L
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Oct;15(5):980-4. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.5.980.
The syntactic devices of subject-verb-object word order, regular plurals, and subject-verb agreement differ in age of acquisition and susceptibility to error within language-disordered populations. In the present article, the performance of adults on a grammaticality judgment task is used to explore whether such differences are related to working memory (both in terms of an externally imposed load and individual differences in capacity) and phonological ability. The results show that word order, the earliest acquired and most resilient device, is not affected by load, memory span, or phonological ability. Plurals are affected marginally by load and significantly by phonological ability. Agreement, the last acquired and least resilient device, is affected by load, memory span, and phonological ability. Thus, consistent with a processing-based explanation, later acquired and less resilient devices have higher working memory and phonological demands.
主谓宾词序、规则复数形式以及主谓一致等句法手段在语言障碍人群中的习得年龄和出错易感性方面存在差异。在本文中，成年人在语法判断任务中的表现被用于探究这些差异是否与工作记忆（包括外部施加的负荷和能力的个体差异）以及语音能力有关。结果表明，词序是最早习得且最具弹性的手段，不受负荷、记忆广度或语音能力的影响。复数形式受负荷的影响较小，受语音能力的影响较大。一致关系是最后习得且最缺乏弹性的手段，受负荷、记忆广度和语音能力的影响。因此，与基于加工的解释一致，较晚习得且缺乏弹性的手段对工作记忆和语音的要求更高。
