Kaiser Nina M, Hoza Betsy, Hurt Elizabeth A
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, CPT, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 Oct;8(10):1573-83. doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.10.1573.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders, characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. These core symptoms lead to impairment in home, school and peer contexts. Evidence-based treatments for ADHD include medication management (generally with stimulant medications), behavioral interventions (such as behavioral parent training, school consultation, and direct contingency management), or the combination of pharmacological and behavioral approaches. This review outlines each of these treatment strategies, reviews the rationale and evidence base currently existing for the use of multimodal rather than unimodal treatments (i.e., medication or behavioral intervention alone), and discusses potential moderators of multimodal treatment efficacy, as well as future directions for research, that may better inform clinical practice.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的儿童疾病之一，其特征是注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动程度在发育上不适当。这些核心症状会导致在家庭、学校和同伴环境中的功能受损。ADHD的循证治疗方法包括药物管理（通常使用兴奋剂药物）、行为干预（如行为家长培训、学校咨询和直接应急管理），或药物和行为方法的结合。本综述概述了每种治疗策略，回顾了目前使用多模式而非单模式治疗（即仅药物治疗或行为干预）的理论依据和证据基础，并讨论了多模式治疗效果的潜在调节因素以及未来的研究方向，这些可能会为临床实践提供更好的信息。
