Chen Grace, Shaw Michael H, Kim Yun-Gi, Nuñez Gabriel
Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Annu Rev Pathol. 2009;4:365-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092239.
The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a specialized group of intracellular receptors that represent a key component of the host innate immune system. Since the discovery of the first NLR almost 10 years ago, the study of this special class of microbial sensors has burgeoned; consequently, a better understanding of the mechanism by which these receptors recognize microbes and other danger signals and of how they activate inflammatory signaling pathways has emerged. Moreover, in addition to their primary role in host defense against invading pathogens, their ability to regulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling, interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) production, and cell death indicates that they are crucial to the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory human diseases.
NOD样受体（NLRs）是一类特殊的细胞内受体，是宿主先天免疫系统的关键组成部分。自大约10年前发现首个NLR以来，对这类特殊的微生物传感器的研究迅速发展；因此，对于这些受体识别微生物和其他危险信号的机制以及它们如何激活炎症信号通路，人们有了更深入的了解。此外，除了在宿主抵御入侵病原体方面的主要作用外，它们调节核因子-κB（NF-κB）信号传导、白细胞介素-1-β（IL-1β）产生和细胞死亡的能力表明，它们对多种人类炎症性疾病的发病机制至关重要。
