Distribution of the tandem repeat sequences and karyotyping in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

We analyzed repeat sequences composition in the genome of cucumber inbred line 9930 using whole-genome shotgun reads. The analysis showed that satellite DNA sequences are the most dominant components in the cucumber genome. The distribution pattern of several tandem repeat sequences (Type I/II, Type III and Type IV) on cucumber chromosomes was visualized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The FISH signals of the Type III and 45S rDNA provide useful cytogenetic markers, whose position and fluorescence intensity allow for easy identification of all somatic metaphase chromosomes. A karyotype showing the position and fluorescence intensity of several tandem repeat sequences is constructed. The establishment of this FISH-based karyotype has created the basis for the integration of molecular, genetic and cytogenetic maps in Cucumis sativus and for the ultimate genome sequencing project as well.