Franklin Robin J M, Ffrench-Constant Charles
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Nov;9(11):839-55. doi: 10.1038/nrn2480.
Remyelination involves reinvesting demyelinated axons with new myelin sheaths. In stark contrast to the situation that follows loss of neurons or axonal damage, remyelination in the CNS can be a highly effective regenerative process. It is mediated by a population of precursor cells called oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are widely distributed throughout the adult CNS. However, despite its efficiency in experimental models and in some clinical diseases, remyelination is often inadequate in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating disease and a cause of neurological disability in young adults. The failure of remyelination has profound consequences for the health of axons, the progressive and irreversible loss of which accounts for the progressive nature of these diseases. The mechanisms of remyelination therefore provide critical clues for regeneration biologists that help them to determine why remyelination fails in MS and in other demyelinating diseases and how it might be enhanced therapeutically.
髓鞘再生涉及用新的髓鞘重新包裹脱髓鞘的轴突。与神经元丧失或轴突损伤后的情况形成鲜明对比的是，中枢神经系统中的髓鞘再生可以是一个高效的再生过程。它由一群称为少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）的前体细胞介导，这些细胞广泛分布于整个成年中枢神经系统。然而，尽管在实验模型和某些临床疾病中髓鞘再生效率较高，但在诸如多发性硬化症（MS）等脱髓鞘疾病中，髓鞘再生往往不足，MS是最常见的脱髓鞘疾病，也是年轻成年人神经功能障碍的一个原因。髓鞘再生失败对轴突健康有深远影响，轴突的渐进性和不可逆丧失是这些疾病进展的原因。因此，髓鞘再生机制为再生生物学家提供了关键线索，帮助他们确定髓鞘再生在MS和其他脱髓鞘疾病中失败的原因，以及如何通过治疗增强髓鞘再生。
