Dougherty Lisa
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey.
Br J Nurs. 2008;17(14):896, 898-901. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2008.17.14.30656.
Infiltration and extravasation are complications that can occur during intravenous therapy administered via either peripheral or central venous access devices. Both can result in problems with the siting of future venous access devices, nerve damage, infection and tissue necrosis. The nurse is the key to reducing the risk of infiltration and extravasation, through her knowledge and skill in cannulation and the intravenous administration of drugs (by bolus injection or infusion). The nurse must also be able to recognize the early signs and symptoms of infiltration and extravasation and act promptly and effectively to limit tissue damage. The first sign of possible leakage of drugs into the tissues is pain and discomfort, so patients must be informed of what symptoms to look out for and be asked to report any change in sensation as soon as they are aware of it. Finally, accurate documentation of the event is vital to facilitate patient care and in case of litigation.
渗漏和外渗是在通过外周或中心静脉通路装置进行静脉治疗期间可能发生的并发症。两者都可能导致未来静脉通路装置的置管问题、神经损伤、感染和组织坏死。护士是降低渗漏和外渗风险的关键，这得益于她在插管以及静脉给药（通过推注或输注）方面的知识和技能。护士还必须能够识别渗漏和外渗的早期体征和症状，并迅速有效地采取行动以限制组织损伤。药物可能漏入组织的第一个迹象是疼痛和不适，因此必须告知患者要留意哪些症状，并要求他们一旦察觉到感觉有任何变化就立即报告。最后，对该事件进行准确记录对于促进患者护理以及在发生诉讼时至关重要。
