Institut für Radiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011 Mar;108(9):147-53; quiz 154. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0147. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Port systems are easy to implant on an in- or outpatient basis and provide reliable, long-lasting central venous access. They are used mainly for cancer patients.
This article is based on a selective literature review, the guidelines of the German Society for Nutrition Medicine and of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, and the recommendations of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology.
In modern oncology, central venous port systems are increasingly replacing short-term and permanently tunneled central venous catheters. They are indicated for patients who need long-term intravenous treatment involving, e.g., the repeated administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, parenteral nutrition, transfusions, infusions, injections, and/or blood sample collection. Port systems can markedly alleviate the burden of intravenous therapy and thereby improve these patients' quality of life. The planning, preparation, and performance of port system implantation require meticulous attention to detail. The rate of implantation-associated complications is less than 2% in experienced hands; overall complication rates have been reported from 4.3% to as high as 46%. The proper postoperative use and care of the port system are of decisive importance to the outcome. Reported infection rates during port system use range from 0.8% to 7.5% in current clinical studies.
The treatment, follow-up care, and rehabilitation of cancer patients are interdisciplinary tasks. Optimal treatment and complication avoidance require a collaborative effort of all of the involved specialists-not just the physician implanting the port system, but also the oncologists, nutritionists, visiting nurses, and other home health care providers. Continuing medical education, too, plays a role in improving outcomes.
端口系统易于在门诊或住院的基础上进行植入，并提供可靠、持久的中心静脉通路。它们主要用于癌症患者。
本文基于选择性文献回顾、德国营养医学学会和欧洲临床营养与代谢学会的指南，以及德国儿科肿瘤学和血液学学会的建议。
在现代肿瘤学中，中心静脉端口系统越来越多地取代了短期和永久性隧道式中央静脉导管。它们适用于需要长期静脉治疗的患者，例如反复给予化疗药物、肠外营养、输血、输液、注射和/或采集血液样本。端口系统可以显著减轻静脉治疗的负担，从而提高这些患者的生活质量。端口系统的规划、准备和植入操作需要细致入微的关注细节。在经验丰富的医生手中，植入相关并发症的发生率低于 2%；总并发症发生率据报道从 4.3%到高达 46%不等。端口系统的正确术后使用和护理对结果至关重要。在当前的临床研究中，使用端口系统期间报告的感染率为 0.8%至 7.5%。
癌症患者的治疗、随访和康复是跨学科的任务。最佳治疗和避免并发症需要所有相关专家的共同努力——不仅是植入端口系统的医生，还有肿瘤学家、营养师、访问护士和其他家庭保健提供者。继续教育也在改善结果方面发挥作用。
