《烟草控制框架公约》与国内烟草控制政策的采用：厄瓜多尔的经验
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the adoption of domestic tobacco control policies: the Ecuadorian experience.
作者信息
Albuja S, Daynard R A
机构信息
Northeastern University School of Law, Northeastern University School of Law, 400 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2009 Feb;18(1):18-21. doi: 10.1136/tc.2008.026385. Epub 2008 Oct 20.
BACKGROUND
The present work concerns the adoption of domestic tobacco control legislation in Ecuador after ratification of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).
METHODS
Analysis of legislation, and data collection via interviews with key actors involved in the adoption and implementation of domestic legislation passed purportedly to implement the FCTC and research of the Ecuadorian Congressional Archives.
RESULTS
While the FCTC helped raise awareness about tobacco's imminent and future threats to public health, paradoxically, it had the effect of further entrenching tobacco-friendly norms. Philip Morris, with 87% dominance over the Ecuadorian tobacco market, subtly harnessed the FCTC to protect its interests. This outcome was also influenced by poor governmental readiness and intervention, lack of legislative technical capabilities and weak civil society involvement.
CONCLUSIONS
The Ecuadorian experience suggests that more support should be provided to health ministries, legislatures and local tobacco control organisations to offset the power of the tobacco industry as developing nations get ready to adopt domestic tobacco control legislation.
背景
目前的工作涉及厄瓜多尔在批准世界卫生组织（WHO）《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）后通过国内烟草控制立法的情况。
方法
对立法进行分析，并通过采访参与通过和实施据称旨在实施《烟草控制框架公约》的国内立法的关键行为者以及研究厄瓜多尔国会档案来收集数据。
结果
虽然《烟草控制框架公约》有助于提高人们对烟草对公共卫生的当前和未来威胁的认识，但矛盾的是，它却起到了进一步巩固有利于烟草的规范的作用。在厄瓜多尔烟草市场占据87%主导地位的菲利普·莫里斯公司巧妙地利用《烟草控制框架公约》来保护自身利益。这一结果还受到政府准备不足和干预不力、缺乏立法技术能力以及民间社会参与度低的影响。
结论
厄瓜多尔的经验表明，随着发展中国家准备通过国内烟草控制立法，应向卫生部、立法机构和地方烟草控制组织提供更多支持，以抵消烟草业的影响力。
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