Bialous Stella Aguinaga, Mochizuki-Kobayashi Yumiko, Stillman Frances
Tobacco Policy International, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Apr;8(2):203-16. doi: 10.1080/14622200600576297.
For decades, the tobacco companies have developed a worldwide campaign to oppose the creation of smoke-free environments. Public health efforts to promote clean indoor air have been uneven throughout the world, and in few places have such efforts faced as many challenges as in Japan. The Japanese market is dominated by Japan Tobacco, which is partly owned by the government, and Philip Morris International is also present in Japan. Japan Tobacco and Philip Morris International have developed campaigns promoting courtesy and tolerance that, until recently, seem to have resonated well with the public. The companies also have supported research promoting ventilation and have funded consultants to act as experts in the area of second-hand smoke exposure. Japan is a critical country to study, partly because of the strength of Japan Tobacco in the country and the growth of Japan Tobacco International in Southeast Asia and the rest of the world, and partly because of Japan's ratification of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This paper uses tobacco industry documents to provide an overview of the tobacco industry's scientific and political efforts to stifle the development of clean indoor measures in Japan. Learning past industry strategies may assist policymakers and advocates in the development of future public health activities.
几十年来，烟草公司开展了一场全球运动来反对创建无烟环境。在全球范围内，促进室内空气清洁的公共卫生努力并不均衡，很少有地方像日本这样面临如此多的挑战。日本市场由部分归政府所有的日本烟草公司主导，菲利普·莫里斯国际公司也在日本开展业务。日本烟草公司和菲利普·莫里斯国际公司开展了倡导礼貌和宽容的活动，直到最近，这些活动似乎在公众中引起了很好的反响。这些公司还支持有关促进通风的研究，并资助顾问充当二手烟暴露领域的专家。日本是一个关键的研究对象国，部分原因是日本烟草公司在该国的实力以及日本烟草国际公司在东南亚和世界其他地区的发展，部分原因是日本批准了世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》。本文利用烟草行业文件概述了烟草行业在日本阻碍清洁室内措施发展的科学和政治努力。了解过去的行业策略可能有助于政策制定者和倡导者开展未来的公共卫生活动。
