Chen Kang-Shin, Wang Hsin-Kai, Peng Yen-Ping, Wang Wen-Cheng, Chen Chia-Hsiu, Lai Chia-Hsiang
Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2008 Oct;58(10):1318-27.
The sizes and concentrations of 21 atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at Jhu-Shan (a rural site) and Sin-Gang (a town site) in central Taiwan in October and December 2005. Air samples were collected using semi-volatile sampling trains (PS-1 sampler) over 16 days for rice-straw burning and nonburning periods. These samples were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Particle-size distributions in the particulate phase show a bimode, peaking at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at the two sites during the nonburning period. During the burning period, peaks also appeared at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at Jhu-Shan, with the accumulation mode (particle size between 0.1 and 3.2 microm) accounting for approximately 74.1% of total particle mass. The peaks at 0.18-0.32 microm and 1.8-3.2 microm at Shin-Gang had an accumulation mode accounting for approximately 70.1% of total particle mass. The mass median diameter (MMD) of 3.99-4.35 microm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated increased numbers of coarse particles. The concentrations of total PAHs (sum of 21 gases + particles) at the Jhu-Shan site (Sin-Gang site) were 522.9 +/- 111.4 ng/ml (572.0 +/- 91.0 ng/ml) and 330.1 +/- 17.0 ng/ml (or 427.5 +/- 108.0 ng/ml) during burning and nonburning periods, respectively, accounting for a roughly 58% (or 34%) increase in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. On average, low-weight PAHs (about 87.0%) represent the largest proportion of total PAHs, followed by medium-weight PAHs (7.1%), and high-weight PAHs (5.9%). Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during nonburning periods. The results of principal component analysis (PCA)/absolute principal component scores (APCS) suggest that the primary pollution sources at the two sites are similar and include vehicle exhaust, coal/wood combustion, incense burning, and incineration emissions. Open burning of rice straw was estimated to contribute approximately 5.0-33.5% to the total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.
2005年10月和12月，在台湾中部的竹山镇（一个乡村地点）和新港镇（一个城镇地点）测量了21种大气多环芳烃（PAHs）的大小和浓度。使用半挥发性采样装置（PS - 1采样器）在16天内收集了稻草燃烧期和非燃烧期的空气样本。然后使用配有火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪（GC/FID）对这些样本进行分析。在非燃烧期，两个地点的颗粒相中的粒径分布呈现双峰模式，分别在0.32 - 0.56微米和3.2 - 5.6微米处出现峰值。在燃烧期，竹山镇在0.32 - 0.56微米和3.2 - 5.6微米处也出现了峰值，其中积聚模式（粒径在0.1至3.2微米之间）约占总颗粒质量的74.1%。新港镇在0.18 - 0.32微米和1.8 - 3.2微米处的峰值中，积聚模式约占总颗粒质量的70.1%。颗粒相中的质量中值直径（MMD）为3.99 - 4.35微米，这表明稻草燃烧产生了更多的粗颗粒。竹山镇（新港镇）在燃烧期和非燃烧期的总PAHs（21种气态 + 颗粒态的总和）浓度分别为522.9±111.4纳克/毫升（572.0±91.0纳克/毫升）和330.1±17.0纳克/毫升（或427.5±108.0纳克/毫升），稻草燃烧导致总PAHs浓度大致增加了58%（或34%）。平均而言，低分子量PAHs（约87.0%）在总PAHs中占比最大，其次是中分子量PAHs（7.1%）和高分子量PAHs（5.9%）。燃烧期与燃烧相关的PAHs比非燃烧期高1.54 - 2.57倍。主成分分析（PCA）/绝对主成分得分（APCS）结果表明，两个地点的主要污染源相似，包括车辆尾气、煤/木材燃烧、焚香和焚烧排放。据估计，稻草露天燃烧对两个地点大气PAHs总量的贡献约为5.0 - 33.5%。
