Palanivell Perumal, Susilawati Kasim, Ahmed Osumanu Haruna, Majid Nik Muhamad
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Nov 6;2013:276235. doi: 10.1155/2013/276235. eCollection 2013.
Production of agriculture and timber commodities leads generation of enormous quantity of wastes. Improper disposal of these agroindustrial wastes pollutes the environment. This problem could be reduced by adding value to them. Therefore, a study was carried out to analyse and compare the nutrients content of RS, RH, SD, and EFB of composts and crude humic substances; furthermore, their effect on growth, dry matter production, and nutrient uptake for Zea mays L., and selected soil chemical properties were evaluated. Standard procedures were used to analyze humic acids (HA), crude fulvic acids (CFA), crude humin (CH), soil, dry matter production and nutrient uptake. Sawdust and RS compost matured at 42 and 47 days, respectively, while RH and EFB composts were less matured at 49th day of composting. Rice straw compost had higher ash, N, P, CEC, HA, K, and Fe contents with lower organic matter, total organic carbon, and C/N and C/P ratios. The HA of sawdust compost showed higher carbon, carboxylic, K, and Ca contents compared to those of RS, RH, and EFB. Crude FA of RS compost showed highest pH, total K, Ca, Mg, and Na contents. Crude humin from RS compost had higher contents of ash, N, P, and CEC. Rice straw was superior in compost, CFA, and CH, while sawdust compost was superior in HA. Application of sawdust compost significantly increased maize plants' diameter, height, dry matter production, N, P, and cations uptake. It also reduced N, P, and K based chemical fertilizer use by 90%. Application of CH and the composts evaluated in this study could be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in maize cultivation.
农业和木材产品的生产会产生大量废弃物。这些农业工业废弃物的不当处置会污染环境。通过对其进行增值处理可以减少这个问题。因此，开展了一项研究，以分析和比较堆肥及粗腐殖物质中稻壳（RS）、稻壳灰（RH）、锯末（SD）和象草（EFB）的养分含量；此外，还评估了它们对玉米生长、干物质产量和养分吸收的影响，以及对选定土壤化学性质的影响。采用标准程序分析腐殖酸（HA）、粗富里酸（CFA）、粗胡敏素（CH）、土壤、干物质产量和养分吸收情况。锯末和稻壳堆肥分别在第42天和第47天成熟，而稻壳灰和象草堆肥在堆肥第49天时成熟度较低。稻草堆肥的灰分、氮、磷、阳离子交换量（CEC）、腐殖酸、钾和铁含量较高，而有机质、总有机碳以及碳氮比和碳磷比则较低。与稻壳、稻壳灰和象草堆肥相比，锯末堆肥的腐殖酸碳、羧基、钾和钙含量较高。稻壳堆肥的粗富里酸pH值、总钾、钙、镁和钠含量最高。稻壳堆肥的粗胡敏素灰分、氮、磷和阳离子交换量含量较高。稻草在堆肥、粗富里酸和粗胡敏素方面表现更优，而锯末堆肥在腐殖酸方面表现更优。施用锯末堆肥显著增加了玉米植株的茎粗、株高、干物质产量、氮、磷和阳离子吸收量。它还将基于氮、磷和钾的化肥用量减少了90%。施用粗胡敏素以及本研究中评估的堆肥可作为玉米种植中化肥的替代品。
