School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
Parasit Vectors. 2008 Oct 21;1(1):41. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-41.
Screening doors, windows and eaves of houses should reduce house entry by eusynanthropic insects, including the common African house mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and other culicines. In the pre-intervention year of a randomized controlled trial investigating the protective effects of house screening against mosquito house entry, a multi-factorial risk factor analysis study was used to identify factors influencing house entry by culicines of nuisance biting and medical importance. These factors were house location, architecture, human occupancy and their mosquito control activities, and the number and type of domestic animals within the compound.
40,407 culicines were caught; the dominant species were Culex thalassius, Cx. pipiens s.l., Mansonia africanus, M. uniformis and Aedes aegypti. There were four times more Cx. pipiens s.l. in Farafenni town (geometric mean/trap/night = 8.1, 95% confidence intervals, CIs = 7.2-9.1) than in surrounding villages (2.1, 1.9-2.3), but over five times more other culicines in the villages (25.1, 22.1-28.7) than in town (4.6, 4.2-5.2). The presence of Cx. pipiens s.l. was reduced in both settings if the house had closed eaves (odds ratios, OR town = 0.62, 95% CIs = 0.49-0.77; OR village = 0.49, 0.33-0.73), but increased per additional person in the trapping room (OR town = 1.16, 1.09-1.24; OR village = 1.10, 1.02-1.18). In the town only, Cx. pipiens s.l. numbers were reduced if houses had a thatched roof (OR = 0.70, 0.51-0.96), for each additional cow tethered near the house (OR = 0.73, 0.65-0.82) and with increasing distance from a pit latrine (OR = 0.97, 0.95-0.99). In the villages a reduction in Cx. pipiens s.l. numbers correlated with increased horses in the compound (OR = 0.90, 0.82-0.99). The presence of all other culicines was reduced in houses with closed eaves (both locations), with horses tethered outside (village only) and with increasing room height (town only), but increased with additional people in the trapping room and where cows were tethered outside (both locations).
The findings of this study advocate eave closure and pit latrine treatment in all locations, and zooprophylaxis using horses in rural areas, as simple control measures that could reduce the number of culicines found indoors.
房屋的门窗和屋檐的筛网可以减少伊蚊等嗜人昆虫进入房屋，包括常见的非洲家蚊库蚊 pipiens quinquefasciatus 和其他库蚊。在一项随机对照试验的干预前一年，该试验调查了房屋筛网对蚊子进入房屋的保护作用，采用多因素风险因素分析研究来确定影响骚扰性叮咬和医学重要性的库蚊进入房屋的因素。这些因素包括房屋位置、建筑、人口居住情况及其蚊虫控制活动，以及院内的家畜数量和类型。
共捕获 40407 只库蚊，优势种为淡色库蚊、库蚊 pipiens s.l.、曼蚊非洲亚种、曼蚊均匀亚种和埃及伊蚊。法尔凡尼镇的库蚊 pipiens s.l.数量是周围村庄的四倍（几何平均值/诱捕器/夜=8.1，95%置信区间，CI=7.2-9.1），而村庄的其他库蚊数量则是城镇的五倍以上（25.1，22.1-28.7）（4.6，4.2-5.2）。在这两个环境中，如果房屋的屋檐封闭，库蚊 pipiens s.l.的存在都会减少（城镇的比值比，OR=0.62，95%CI=0.49-0.77；村庄的 OR=0.49，0.33-0.73），但在诱捕室内每增加一个人，其数量都会增加（城镇的 OR=1.16，1.09-1.24；村庄的 OR=1.10，1.02-1.18）。仅在城镇，库蚊 pipiens s.l.的数量随着房屋茅草屋顶（OR=0.70，0.51-0.96）、靠近房屋拴牛的数量增加（OR=0.73，0.65-0.82）以及距离坑式厕所的距离增加（OR=0.97，0.95-0.99）而减少。在村庄，库蚊 pipiens s.l.数量的减少与院内马的数量增加有关（OR=0.90，0.82-0.99）。所有其他库蚊的存在随着屋檐封闭（两个位置）、院外拴马（仅村庄）和房间高度增加（仅城镇）而减少，但随着诱捕室内人数的增加和院外拴牛而增加（两个位置）。
本研究结果提倡在所有地点进行屋檐封闭和坑式厕所处理，并在农村地区采用马的动物预防措施，作为减少室内库蚊数量的简单控制措施。
