Phytopathology. 2001 Sep;91(9):913-9. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.9.913.
ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi were frequently associated with desert tree legumes in uncultivated areas of the Sonoran Desert. Of 270 samples of debris and fruits of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), ironwood (Olneya tesota), acacia (Acacia spp.), and palo verde (Cercidium and Parkinsonia spp.), 87% were positive for A. flavus (S and L strains) and A. tamarii. A. flavus was the most common species (87%) among the 3,763 isolates examined. Mesquite pods were both the substrate from which A. flavus was recovered most frequently and the substrate from native habitats with the greatest aflatoxin content. In vitro, most desert legumes supported significant growth, reproduction, and aflatoxin production by A. flavus, with mesquite pods yielding 1 x 10(10) propagules/g and 5,000 mug/kg of aflatoxin B(1). Twenty percent of legume pods collected in the desert contained measurable quantities of aflatoxin, ranging from 1 to >2,500 mug/kg. Insect-damaged mesquite pods had significantly higher aflatoxin than intact pods. Legumes are apparently important reservoirs of aflatoxin-producing fungi and significant sources of aflatoxin contamination in the native Sonoran Desert habitats of Arizona.
摘要 在索诺兰沙漠未开垦地区，黄曲霉属在 Flavi 节中经常与沙漠豆科树木的枯枝和果实有关。在 270 份牧豆树（Prosopis spp.）、铁木（Olneya tesota）、金合欢（Acacia spp.）和帕洛弗迪（Cercidium 和 Parkinsonia spp.）的碎片和果实样本中，87%的样本对黄曲霉（S 和 L 株）和棘孢木霉呈阳性。黄曲霉是 3763 株分离株中最常见的物种（87%）。牧豆树豆荚既是黄曲霉最常回收的基质，也是含有最高黄曲霉毒素的原生栖息地的基质。在体外，大多数沙漠豆科植物都支持黄曲霉的大量生长、繁殖和黄曲霉毒素的产生，牧豆树豆荚的产孢量为 1 x 10(10)个/g，黄曲霉毒素 B(1)的含量为 5,000 mug/kg。在沙漠中收集的 20%的豆科植物豆荚含有可测量数量的黄曲霉毒素，范围从 1 到 >2,500 mug/kg。昆虫损坏的牧豆树豆荚的黄曲霉毒素含量明显高于完整的豆荚。豆科植物显然是产黄曲霉毒素真菌的重要储库，也是亚利桑那州原生索诺兰沙漠栖息地中黄曲霉毒素污染的重要来源。
