Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Jul 15;102:26-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.032. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
Restoration of highly eroded desert land was attempted in the southern Sonoran Desert that had lost its natural capacity for self-revegetation. In six field experiments, the fields were planted with three native leguminous trees: mesquite amargo Prosopis articulata, and yellow and blue palo verde Parkinsonia microphylla and Parkinsonia florida. Restoration included inoculation with two of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB; Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and small quantities of compost. Irrigation was applied, when necessary, to reach a rainy year (300 mm) of the area. The plots were maintained for 61 months. Survival of the trees was marginally affected by all supplements after 30 months, in the range of 60-90%. This variation depended on the plant species, where all young trees were established after 3 months. Plant density was a crucial variable and, in general, low plant density enhanced survival. High planting density was detrimental. Survival significantly declined in trees 61 months after planting. No general response of the trees to plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost was found. Mesquite amargo and yellow palo verde responded well (height, number of branches, and diameter of the main stem) to inoculation with PGPB, AM fungi, and compost supplementation after three months of application. Fewer positive effects were recorded after 30 months. Blue palo verde did not respond to most treatments and had the lowest survival. Specific plant growth parameters were affected to varying degrees to inoculations or amendments, primarily depending on the tree species. Some combinations of tree/inoculant/amendment resulted in small negative effects or no response when measured after extended periods of time. Using native leguminous trees, this study demonstrated that restoration of severely eroded desert lands was possible.
在失去自然自我恢复能力的南索诺兰沙漠中，尝试了对高度侵蚀的沙漠土地进行恢复。在六项野外试验中，种植了三种本地豆科树木：苦木 Prosopis articulata、黄蓝叶朴 Parkinsonia microphylla 和佛罗里达朴 Parkinsonia florida。恢复措施包括接种两种植物促生细菌（PGPB；巴西固氮螺菌和短小芽孢杆菌）、本地丛枝菌根真菌（AM 真菌）和少量堆肥。必要时进行灌溉，以达到该地区 300 毫米的降雨年。这些地块维持了 61 个月。经过 30 个月后，所有补充剂对树木的存活率都有一定影响，范围在 60-90%之间。这种变化取决于植物物种，所有小树在 3 个月后都已建立。植物密度是一个关键变量，一般来说，较低的植物密度会提高存活率。高密度种植则不利。种植 61 个月后，树木的存活率显著下降。没有发现树木对植物促生微生物和堆肥的普遍反应。苦木和黄叶朴在接种 PGPB、AM 真菌和堆肥补充剂三个月后，对其高度、分枝数量和主干直径的反应良好。30 个月后，效果较少。蓝叶朴对大多数处理都没有反应，存活率最低。在接种或改良后，特定的植物生长参数受到不同程度的影响，主要取决于树种。一些树种/接种剂/改良剂的组合在经过长时间测量后会产生较小的负面影响或无反应。本研究使用本地豆科树木表明，严重侵蚀的沙漠土地的恢复是可能的。
