Phytopathology. 2003 Mar;93(3):316-22. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.3.316.
ABSTRACT Inflorescences of field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay) were inoculated with a Botrytis cinerea conidia suspension or dried conidia at different stages during bloom in moist weather. Approximately 10% of the conidia germinated within 72 h, resulting in two to three times more latent infections than uninoculated controls in pea-size (7 mm in diameter) berries. In surface-sterilized pea-size berries, latent B. cinerea was present predominantly in the receptacle area. After veraison, latent B. cinerea also was found in the style and, in mature berries, latent colonies were distributed throughout the pulp. Inoculation at full bloom led to the highest disease severity (66%) at harvest, compared with 38% in controls. Stilbene stress metabolites in the flowers were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Resveratrol accumulated mainly after pre-bloom and full-bloom inoculation, but did not prevent infection. Piceid levels did not change following inoculation, while epsilon-viniferin was found in necrotic tissues only, and pterostilbene and alphaviniferin were not detected at all. B. cinerea conidia suspensions also were applied to various locations on flowers of pot-grown cvs. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Inoculation of the receptacle area, but not that of the stigma and ovary, resulted in latent infections. Stilbene synthesis was similar to the field results, with resveratrol accumulating mainly in the calyptra and receptacle area. Constitutive soluble phenolic compounds (mainly derivatives of quercetin and hydroxy-cinnamic acid) were present at high concentrations in the calyptra but at low levels in the receptacle area. These experiments confirmed bloom as a critical time for B. cinerea infection in grapes and suggest that the most likely site of infection is the receptacle area or cap scar exposed at anthesis. Stilbenes may have a limited role in inhibition of flower infection and latency in susceptible grape cultivars, and epsilon-viniferin may be a by-product rather than a deterrent of infection.
摘要 在潮湿天气下，田间生长的葡萄（Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay）花序在开花的不同阶段用 Botrytis cinerea 分生孢子悬浮液或干燥分生孢子接种。在 72 小时内，约有 10%的分生孢子发芽，导致感染潜伏的果实数量比未接种对照的豌豆大小（直径 7 毫米）果实多两到三倍。在表面消毒的豌豆大小的果实中，潜伏的 B. cinerea 主要存在于花托区域。在转色期后，潜伏的 B. cinerea 也存在于花柱中，在成熟的浆果中，潜伏的菌落分布在果肉的各个部位。在盛花期接种导致收获时的疾病严重程度最高（66%），而对照的则为 38%。通过高效液相色谱法测量花中的芪应激代谢物。白藜芦醇主要在开花前和盛花期接种后积累，但不能阻止感染。接种后，白皮杉醇的水平没有变化，而 ε-viniferin 仅存在于坏死组织中，pterostilbene 和 alphaviniferin 则根本没有检测到。B. cinerea 分生孢子悬浮液也被应用于盆栽的 Pinot Noir 和 Chardonnay 品种的花朵的各个部位。接种花托区域，但不接种柱头和子房，会导致潜伏感染。芪的合成与田间结果相似，白藜芦醇主要在花帽和花托区域积累。组成型可溶性酚类化合物（主要是槲皮素和羟基肉桂酸的衍生物）在花帽中含量很高，但在花托区域含量很低。这些实验证实开花期是葡萄中 B. cinerea 感染的关键时期，并表明最有可能的感染部位是花托区域或在开花时暴露的花帽疤痕。芪类物质可能在抑制易感葡萄品种的花感染和潜伏方面作用有限，而 ε-viniferin 可能是感染的副产物而不是抑制物。
