Phytopathology. 1999 Jan;89(1):53-8. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.1.53.
ABSTRACT A lethal leaf scorch disease of oleander (Nerium oleander) appeared in southern California in 1993. A bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, was detected by culturing, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction in most symptomatic plants but not in symptomless plants or negative controls. Inoculating oleanders mechanically with X. fastidiosa cultures from diseased oleanders caused oleander leaf scorch (OLS) disease. The bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants that became diseased. Three species of xylem sap-feeding leafhoppers transmitted the bacterium from oleander to oleander. The bacterium multiplied, moved systemically, and caused wilting in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus rosea) and leaf scorch in periwinkle (Vinca major) in a greenhouse after inoculation with needle puncture. No bacterium was reisolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera), peach (Prunus persica), olive (Olea europaea), California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), or valley oak (Quercus lobata) mechanically inoculated with OLS strains of X. fastidiosa. A 500-bp sequence of the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic region of oleander strains showed 99.2% identity with Pierce's disease strains, 98.4% identity with oak leaf scorch strains, and 98.6% identity with phony peach, plum leaf scald, and almond leaf scorch strains.
摘要 1993 年，南加利福尼亚州出现了一种致命的夹竹桃叶枯病。通过培养、酶联免疫吸附试验和聚合酶链反应，在大多数有症状的植物中检测到一种细菌，即木质部难养菌（Xylella fastidiosa），但在无症状植物或阴性对照中未检测到该细菌。用来自患病夹竹桃的木质部难养菌培养物机械接种夹竹桃会导致夹竹桃叶枯病（OLS）。从接种后患病的植物中重新分离出该细菌。三种木质部吸食叶蝉从夹竹桃传播到夹竹桃，传播了该细菌。用针刺接种后，细菌在温室中的马缨丹（Catharanthus rosea）中大量繁殖、系统传播并导致萎蔫，长春花（Vinca major）中出现叶枯病。用 OLS 菌株木质部难养菌机械接种葡萄（Vitis vinifera）、桃（Prunus persica）、油橄榄（Olea europaea）、加州黑莓（Rubus ursinus）或山谷栎（Quercus lobata）后，未从这些植物中重新分离出细菌。夹竹桃菌株的 16S-23S 核糖体基因间隔区的 500bp 序列与皮尔斯氏病菌株的同源性为 99.2%，与栎树叶枯病菌株的同源性为 98.4%，与假桃树、李树叶灼病和杏仁树叶枯病菌株的同源性为 98.6%。
