Phytopathology. 1998 Jul;88(7):621-36. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.7.621.
ABSTRACT Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was monitored for 4 years by monoclonal antibody probes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in four citrus orchards in northern Costa Rica and four orchards in the Dominican Republic following the introduction of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida. The Gompertz nonlinear model was selected as the most appropriate in most cases to describe temporal increase of CTV. Ordinary runs analysis for association of CTV-positive trees failed to show a spatial relationship of virus status among immediately adjacent trees within or across rows. The beta-binomial index of dispersion for various quadrat sizes suggested aggregations of CTV-positive trees for all plots within the quadrat sizes tested. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of proximity patterns suggested that aggregation often existed among quadrats of various sizes up to four lag distances; however, significant lag positions discontinuous from the main proximity pattern were rare. Some asymmetry was also detected for some spatial autocorrelation proximity patterns. These results were interpreted to mean that, although CTV-positive trees did not often influence immediately adjacent trees, virus transmission was common within a local area of influence that extended two to eight trees in all directions. Where asymmetry was indicated, this area of influence was somewhat elliptical. The spatial and temporal analyses gave some insight into possible underlying processes of CTV spread in the presence of T. citricida and suggested CTV spread was predominantly to trees within a local area. Patterns of longer-distance spread were not detected within the confines of the plot sizes tested. Longer-distance spread probably exists, but may well be of a complexity beyond the detection ability of the spatial analysis methods employed, or perhaps is on a scale larger than the dimensions of the plots studied.
摘要 在哥斯达黎加北部的四个柑橘园和多米尼加共和国的四个柑橘园，在引入了棕色柑橘粉虱（Toxoptera citricida）之后，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）用单克隆抗体探针监测了四年的柑橘衰退病毒（CTV）。在大多数情况下，选择了 Gompertz 非线性模型来描述 CTV 的时间增加。普通运行分析（Ordinary runs analysis）未能显示病毒状态在同一行或跨行间的相邻树木之间存在空间关系。各种四分体大小的 beta-二项式离差指数表明，在测试的四分体大小内，所有地块的 CTV 阳性树存在聚集。邻近模式的空间自相关分析表明，在各种大小的四分体之间，聚集通常存在于四个滞后距离以内；然而，显著的滞后位置与主要邻近模式不连续的情况很少。对于一些空间自相关邻近模式，也检测到了一些不对称。这些结果表明，尽管 CTV 阳性树并不经常影响相邻的树木，但在一个以两到八棵树为半径的局部影响区域内，病毒传播是常见的。在指示存在不对称的情况下，该影响区域有些呈椭圆形。时空分析深入了解了 T. citricida 存在下 CTV 传播的潜在过程，并表明 CTV 传播主要是在局部区域内传播。在所测试的地块大小范围内，没有检测到远距离传播的模式。远距离传播可能存在，但可能超出了所使用的空间分析方法的检测能力，或者可能处于比所研究地块的维度更大的规模。
