TIP 1, a cold shock-inducible gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Using differential hybridization, genes whose expression is induced at low temperatures were identified in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these genes that corresponds to an mRNA that is induced 6-8-fold within 2 h after shifting the culture temperature from 30 to 10 degrees C was further characterized. Surprisingly, its expression was also induced by heat shock, and thus the gene was designated TIP 1 (temperature shock-inducible protein gene). Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that there are several genes homologous to the TIP 1 gene on the yeast genome. A TIP 1 disruption mutation exerted an observable effect neither on growth nor on viability after being exposed to freezing temperatures. The TIP 1 gene encodes a protein of 210 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 20,727, containing 20.0% alanine and 23.3% serine. The TIP 1 protein has a typical signal peptide at the amino-terminal end and an extremely hydrophobic sequence at the carboxyl-terminal end. The TIP 1 protein is thus likely to be secreted across the membrane and anchored on the outside surface of the plasma membrane. These results indicate that the TIP 1 protein is a new type of stress inducible protein in yeast.