Smirnov D G, Vekhnik V P, Kurmaeva N M, Shepelev A A, Il'in V Iu
Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr(2):243-52.
Specific features of the spatial distribution and localization of bats have been studied during their hibernation in artificial caves of Samarskaya Luka. The proportion of cave area occupied by bats varies from 70 to 93% in large caves (> 60000 m2), decreasing to 50% in medium-sized caves (10000-60000 m2) and to less than 30% in small caves (< 10000 m2). Approximately 9% of bats choose sites near cave openings, up to 25% prefer central parts, but most bats (about 66%) concentrate in the deepest parts of caves. Among wintering species, higher rates of occurrence and shelter occupancy are characteristic of Plecotus auritus. Myotis daubentonii, and M. mystacinus, whereas M. dasycneme and M. brandtii show the highest degree of aggregation. The optimal temperature range for the wintering of all bat species is 2-4 degrees C. Myotis brandtii, Eptesicus nilssonii, and M. daubentonii prefer to hibernate in open spaces of cave ceilings; M. mystacinus. E. serotinus, and Pl. auritus usually occupy the middle and upper parts of walls; while M. dasycneme and M. nattereri occur mainly in hollows on ceilings.
在萨马拉斯卡亚卢卡的人工洞穴中，研究了蝙蝠冬眠期间空间分布和定位的具体特征。在大型洞穴（>60000平方米）中，蝙蝠占据的洞穴面积比例从70%到93%不等，在中型洞穴（10000 - 60000平方米）中降至50%，在小型洞穴（<10000平方米）中则降至不到30%。大约9%的蝙蝠选择在洞穴开口附近的地点，高达25%的蝙蝠更喜欢洞穴中央部分，但大多数蝙蝠（约66%）集中在洞穴的最深处。在越冬物种中，棕蝠、达氏鼠耳蝠和须鼠耳蝠的出现率和栖息占有率较高，而大鼠耳蝠和布氏鼠耳蝠表现出最高程度的聚集。所有蝙蝠物种越冬的最佳温度范围是2 - 4摄氏度。布氏鼠耳蝠、艾氏鼠耳蝠和达氏鼠耳蝠更喜欢在洞穴顶部的开阔空间冬眠；须鼠耳蝠、棕蝠和普通伏翼通常占据洞壁的中部和上部；而大鼠耳蝠和纳氏鼠耳蝠主要出现在顶部的凹陷处。
