Douek Daniel C, Roederer Mario, Koup Richard A
Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2009;60:471-84. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549.
There is an intense interplay between HIV and the immune system, and the literature is replete with studies describing various immunological phenomena associated with HIV infection. Many of these phenomena seem too broad in scope to be attributable either to HIV-infected cells or to the HIV-specific immune response. Recently, a more fundamental understanding of how HIV affects various T cells and T cell compartments has emerged. This review covers the role of immune activation in HIV immunopathogenesis, how that activation could be mediated directly by HIV replicating within and damaging the gut mucosal barrier, how HIV affects multiple T cell functions and phenotypes, and how chronic HIV replication induces immune modulatory pathways to negatively regulate certain functions in HIV-specific T cells.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）与免疫系统之间存在着强烈的相互作用，文献中充斥着描述与HIV感染相关的各种免疫现象的研究。其中许多现象的范围似乎过于宽泛，难以归因于HIV感染的细胞或HIV特异性免疫反应。最近，人们对HIV如何影响各种T细胞和T细胞亚群有了更深入的认识。本综述涵盖了免疫激活在HIV免疫发病机制中的作用，这种激活如何由在肠道黏膜屏障内复制并破坏该屏障的HIV直接介导，HIV如何影响多种T细胞功能和表型，以及慢性HIV复制如何诱导免疫调节途径对HIV特异性T细胞的某些功能进行负调控。
