Zhong Chen-Bo, Leonardelli Geoffrey J
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Sep;19(9):838-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02165.x.
Metaphors such as icy stare depict social exclusion using cold-related concepts; they are not to be taken literally and certainly do not imply reduced temperature. Two experiments, however, revealed that social exclusion literally feels cold. Experiment 1 found that participants who recalled a social exclusion experience gave lower estimates of room temperature than did participants who recalled an inclusion experience. In Experiment 2, social exclusion was directly induced through an on-line virtual interaction, and participants who were excluded reported greater desire for warm food and drink than did participants who were included. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition and support the notion that social perception involves physical and perceptual content. The psychological experience of coldness not only aids understanding of social interaction, but also is an integral part of the experience of social exclusion.
诸如“冷漠的凝视”这样的隐喻使用与寒冷相关的概念来描绘社会排斥；它们并非要从字面上理解，当然也不意味着体温降低。然而，两项实验表明，社会排斥在字面意义上会让人感觉寒冷。实验1发现，回忆起社会排斥经历的参与者对室温的估计比回忆起被接纳经历的参与者要低。在实验2中，通过在线虚拟互动直接诱发社会排斥，被排斥的参与者比被接纳的参与者表现出对温热食物和饮料更强烈的渴望。这些发现与认知的具身观一致，并支持了社会认知涉及身体和感知内容的观点。寒冷的心理体验不仅有助于理解社会互动，而且是社会排斥体验不可或缺的一部分。
